Key terms & definitions

One of the four types of monomer that make up DNA polymer chains.

A subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group and one of four bases attached to the sugar.

A sub-cellular structure that contains the chromosomes in plant and animal cells.

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

The small, dense central part of an atom, containing protons and usually neutrons; a hydrogen-1 nucleus contains only one proton.

The small central region of an atom containing its protons and neutrons, where almost all of the atom’s mass is concentrated.

A particular type of nucleus specified by its numbers of protons and neutrons.

A notation of the form $^{A}_{Z}X$, where $X$ is the element symbol, $$ is the mass number and is the atomic number.

An influence that encourages a person towards involvement in an activity.

The Arabic name for Noah, an early messenger of Allah whose preaching and experiences are described in the Qur’an.

A testable statement predicting no difference between conditions or no relationship between variables.

The amount of a particular object or event, usually found by counting.

The number of different digits used by a number system. It also determines how place values increase from right to left.

A straight line on which numbers increase from left to right.

The number of complete loops of wire in a transformer coil.

A system for representing numbers using a set of digits and rules for their place values.

The number above the fraction line; it represents the quantity being expressed.

The top number in a fraction, showing how many parts are being considered.

A North African region west of Carthage, whose rival kingdoms supplied important cavalry forces during the Second Punic War.

An experience of awe, wonder or fear in the presence of something believed to be holy or divine.

The 1935 laws that deprived Jews of citizenship rights and prohibited marriage or sexual relations between Jews and people classified as German or related blood.

Trials held before the International Military Tribunal in 1945–1946 to prosecute leading figures in the Nazi regime for crimes including war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Jahangir’s wife, originally named Mehr-un-Nisa, who married him in 1611 and exercised considerable political authority. Her title means ‘Light of the World’.

The group of powerful allies around Nur Jahan, initially including her father, her brother Asaf Khan and Prince Khurram.

The influence of upbringing, social interaction and the environment on a person's development.

The influence of experience and the environment on behaviour.

Caring for and protecting a child while supporting their development.

An internally threaded fastener that screws onto a matching external thread.

An immune reaction to nuts that can be severe or life-threatening.

A substance obtained from food or drink that the body needs for energy, growth or healthy functioning.