Key terms & definitions

The communication of information through signals other than words, such as facial expressions, posture and gestures.

A commitment to act without violence and to respect the dignity of other people, including opponents.

A way of living and challenging injustice that respects others and uses alternatives to violence and war.

Peaceful action that directly challenges injustice, such as sit-ins, marches and boycotts.

Action that directly challenges injustice without using physical violence, such as boycotts and peaceful demonstrations.

Challenging injustice without using physical violence, for example through peaceful demonstrations or boycotts.

Opposition to government or colonial rule through peaceful action rather than armed attacks.

Opposition to injustice through methods such as peaceful protest, boycotts and refusal to cooperate, rather than violence.

Opposing injustice through methods that do not use violence, such as peaceful protest or refusing to cooperate.

Able to retain stored data when power is removed.

Memory that retains its contents when its power supply is switched off.

Memory or storage that retains its contents when its power supply is switched off.

Euthanasia carried out when a person is unable to give consent, for example because they are unconscious.

A fabric made by joining fibres directly into a sheet rather than weaving or knitting yarns.

A fabric made by joining fibres directly together rather than weaving or knitting yarns.

A typical result or reference value for a particular group, used to put an individual's score into context.

An expectation or rule about how people should behave in a particular social situation.

A line drawn at right angles to a boundary at the point where a ray meets it.

An imaginary line perpendicular to a boundary at the point where a ray meets it.

A straight line through a point on a curve that is perpendicular to the tangent at that point.

A force exerted by a touching surface at right angles to that surface.

The force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it, acting perpendicular to the surface.

Typical, valid input that a program is expected to accept.

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution with most values near the centre and progressively fewer towards either extreme.

A symmetrical, bell-shaped probability distribution for a continuous quantity, with most values near the mean.

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution in which most scores cluster around the centre and the mean, median and mode are equal.

A force acting at right angles to a surface.

The reversal of the Prague Spring reforms and restoration of strict communist control in Czechoslovakia after the 1968 invasion.

Rewriting a result so that its coefficient lies in the required interval $1\leq A<10$.

The supporting contact force exerted by a surface on an object, acting perpendicular to that surface.