Key terms & definitions

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Prosperity and material wellbeing, pursued through legitimate means.

An ancient Indian treatise on government and statecraft attributed to Kautilya, including rules governing courts, punishment and the treatment of prisoners.

A worship ceremony in which light is offered before a deity.

A piece of writing intended for publication in a newspaper, magazine or website, addressing readers on a particular subject.

A provision of the Weimar Constitution allowing the President to take emergency measures without prior parliamentary agreement.

One of the six foundational beliefs summarising Sunni Muslim faith.

A bone that meets another bone at a joint.

A system that groups organisms using selected observable features, often for convenient identification rather than to show evolutionary relationships.

A system that groups organisms using selected convenient features rather than their evolutionary relationships.

Preventing pregnancy using a device, medicine or other artificial method, such as a condom or contraceptive pill.

A mechanical device that takes over or supports the heart’s pumping action.

A mechanical device that pumps blood to support or replace the pumping action of a failing heart.

The ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings, such as recognising patterns and making decisions.

An electrical device that sends signals to the heart to correct an irregular heart rate.

An electrical device used to correct irregularities in heart rate.

A human-made object placed in orbit around a body such as Earth.

Another name for selective breeding, emphasising that humans rather than the environment decide which organisms reproduce.

Heavy guns used to fire shells, often to bombard enemy positions before an infantry attack.

A soldier serving with large guns. In The War of the Worlds, the artilleryman is a driver in the artillery, whose military experience initially helps him and the narrator survive.

A skilled worker who makes things by hand, such as a stone-cutter.

An evidence-based attempt to show how a place, structure or activity may have looked in the past, usually through a drawing, model or digital image.

The regular Jewish evening prayer service, also called Maariv.

The Army of the Republic of Vietnam: the armed forces of South Vietnam.

A label the Nazis used for their supposed superior racial group. Their classification was racist and had no scientific validity.

The Nazi policy of transferring Jewish-owned businesses into non-Jewish ownership, including through confiscation.

Angle–Side–Angle: two triangles are congruent if two pairs of corresponding angles and the sides between those angles are equal.

Advertising Standards Authority: the UK body that administers advertising standards, including rules requiring advertising to be obviously identifiable.

An Indian Buddhist monk and thinker whose traditional encounter with Maitreya is associated with the Five Treatises of Maitreya.

Arranging values from smallest to largest.