Key terms & definitions

An ordering from smallest to largest for numbers, or A to Z for text.

Jesus being taken up to heaven, traditionally understood to have occurred forty days after his resurrection.

A person who gives up worldly pleasures and comforts for spiritual purposes.

Severe self-discipline and avoidance of comfort or pleasure, often for religious reasons.

A way of life involving strict self-discipline and the denial of physical comforts or pleasures for a spiritual purpose.

A character encoding system that assigns each character a unique 7-bit binary code.

A social position given to someone rather than earned through their own efforts, such as their position within a family.

Matching the information and description given about goods before purchase.

A building designed to resist earthquake shaking and reduce the likelihood of serious damage or collapse.

Free from contaminating microorganisms; sterile conditions help prevent bacteria and fungi from growing in a culture.

Surgery using methods designed to prevent microorganisms from reaching the wound, including sterilised instruments and protective clothing.

A set of procedures used to prevent unwanted microorganisms contaminating a culture, equipment or the surroundings.

A set of working methods that prevents unwanted microorganisms contaminating a culture and reduces the risk of the cultured microorganisms spreading.

A standard range of paper sizes in which each successive size has half the area of the previous size, with dimensions rounded to whole millimetres.

A form of reproduction involving one parent, no fusion of gametes and no mixing of genetic information.

Reproduction involving one parent, no fusion of gametes and the production of genetically identical offspring through mitosis.

Fine volcanic rock and glass particles carried through the atmosphere after an eruption. Volcanic ash particles are smaller than 2 mm.

A stage of life in the traditional Hindu framework: student, householder, retirement or renunciation.

A Muslim observance especially significant to Shi’a Muslims as a commemoration of Husayn’s martyrdom; many Sunni Muslims observe it through voluntary fasting.

A container used to hold cremated remains.

The peninsula forming much of modern-day Turkey, which the crusaders crossed on their journey towards Antioch.

Employment contracts used for lascar crews which provided lower pay and different conditions from the European Articles used for European sailors.

A short speech heard by the audience but conventionally not heard by other characters on stage.

A licence or contract granting the right to supply enslaved Africans to Spain’s American colonies.

The Beautiful Names of Allah: names which express his attributes and help Muslims understand and worship him.

The name given to a venomous snake traditionally associated with Cleopatra’s death; the exact method of her suicide remains uncertain.

The relationship between an image’s width and height, expressed as a ratio such as $1.37:1$.

A large circular shield carried by a Greek hoplite on his left arm.

The Source of Peace: Allah grants peace, safety and security.

The deliberate murder of an important public figure, usually connected with political power.