Key terms & definitions

Agreements or measures that restrict the development, testing, deployment or spread of weapons, without necessarily eliminating them.

A prohibition on supplying weapons and military equipment to a country.

Competition between rival countries to develop and accumulate weapons in order to strengthen their security and military power.

A large military formation containing several smaller formations, usually including divisions.

The transmission of military messages using methods such as flags, lamps, electrical telegraphy, wireless or digital communications.

The smell of food, which contributes to the experience of its flavour.

The sacred cupboard, usually called the ark, in which a synagogue's Torah scrolls are kept.

A physical and mental (physiological and psychological) state of alertness or readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement or alertness.

A state of physical and mental alertness. High arousal at bedtime can make it difficult to fall asleep.

Air Raid Precautions: measures intended to protect civilians from air attacks, including warnings, blackout enforcement and arrangements for shelter.

The All-Merciful; commonly understood as expressing Allah’s special mercy towards believers.

The All-Merciful; commonly understood as expressing Allah’s mercy towards all creation.

A marriage organised or negotiated by families or other people rather than solely by the couple. It does not necessarily exclude the couple’s consent.

A marriage in which relatives or others help to find a partner, but the people marrying freely agree.

A marriage in which families help select a suitable partner, but the individuals have the final choice about whether to marry.

An ordered collection of elements accessed using integer indexes. For this course, the stored values must have the same data type.

The Sustainer: Allah provides what his creation needs.

Money owed because payments have fallen behind; army pay arrears were wages soldiers had earned but not received.

Money owed that has not been paid when due, such as overdue rent.

The young female attendants of Athena associated with the secret carrying ritual described by Pausanias.

An exaggerated belief in one’s own importance or ability, often shown through boasting or dismissing advice.

Deliberately setting fire to property.

A narrow, sharp ridge formed by glacial erosion on either side.

An object made or modified by humans, such as a shaped stone tool.

An object made or modified by humans or their ancestors, such as a stone tool.

An object made, adapted or used by people, which can provide evidence about past activities.

An object made or used by people. Buddhist religious artefacts include bells, images and symbolic objects used in worship or meditation.

A small artery whose muscular wall can change its lumen diameter to control blood flow to tissues.

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart under relatively high pressure.

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.