Key terms & definitions

A cell formed by combining an antibody-producing lymphocyte with a tumour cell; it can both produce the antibody and divide repeatedly.

A vehicle that combines an internal combustion engine, commonly petrol-powered, with an electric motor.

Describes a substance containing water as part of its crystal structure.

A compound that contains water molecules within its crystal structure.

A crystal containing water as part of its crystal structure.

A crystalline compound containing water as part of its crystal structure.

A salt containing water of crystallisation within its crystal structure.

A substance that contains water as part of its crystal structure.

Having enough water in the body to enable normal functioning; maintaining water balance.

Replacing water lost from the body through drinks and water-containing foods so that the body has enough water to function properly.

Erosion caused by the force of flowing water breaking material away from a river’s bed and banks.

A method of extracting oil or gas by injecting water, sand and chemicals under pressure into rock to create fractures that allow the fuel to flow out.

The erosion of coastal rock by the force of waves striking it and attacking weaknesses.

A system that uses pressure transmitted through a liquid to transfer a force from one place to another.

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

A fuel containing hydrocarbons, which are compounds made from carbon and hydrogen only.

Electricity generated by water flowing through turbines that drive generators, commonly using water held behind a dam.

Electricity generated when moving water drives a turbine, commonly using water released from behind a dam.

Electricity generation using energy transferred from falling or flowing water to turn turbines connected to generators.

Electricity produced when flowing or falling water drives turbines connected to generators.

Electricity generated by moving water turning turbines connected to generators.

Electricity generated when moving water drives turbines connected to generators.

A gas produced when lithium, sodium or potassium reacts with water.

A weak bond that forms between complementary bases on opposite DNA strands.

A solution whose colour responds to changes in carbon dioxide concentration through changes in pH.

A compound of hydrogen and a halogen, with the general formula HX, where X represents a halogen.

A covalent compound of hydrogen and a halogen, such as hydrogen chloride, HCl.

A positively charged ion, written $\mathrm{H^+}$, produced by acids in aqueous solution.

A positively charged ion, $\mathrm{H^+}$, supplied by an acid in aqueous solution.