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GCSE Biology · key term
A cell formed by fusing an antibody-producing lymphocyte with a tumour cell; it produces a particular antibody and can divide repeatedly.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 4.3.2.1 · Paper 1
A cell formed by combining an antibody-producing lymphocyte with a tumour cell; it can both produce the antibody and divide repeatedly.
Revise: Antibody ProductionA fused cell is called a hybridoma.
Specification 5.21B · Paper 1
A cell formed by fusing an antibody-producing lymphocyte with a myeloma cell; it can divide while producing antibodies.
Revise: Production of Monoclonal AntibodiesScientists fuse the two cells to form a hybridoma. It combines the lymphocyte’s antibody production with the myeloma cell’s ability to divide repeatedly.
Specification B6.3m · Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 4 (Higher)
A cell formed by fusing an antibody-producing lymphocyte with a tumour cell, so it can make an antibody and continue dividing.
Revise: Monoclonal antibodies productionEach fused cell is called a hybridoma: it combines the ability to make an antibody with the ability to divide repeatedly. Hybridomas are tested, and one making the required antibody is selected.
Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher), Paper 4 (Higher)
Revise: Monoclonal Antibodies ProductionScientists can fuse a lymphocyte with a tumour cell to form a hybridoma. This combines the useful properties of both cells: antibody production from the lymphocyte and repeated division from the tumour cell.
A long-lived cell made by fusing an antibody-producing lymphocyte with a tumour cell; it divides to produce a clone that continually makes one antibody.
When describing the process, give the stages in order: stimulate mouse lymphocytes, fuse them with tumour cells, select a single suitable hybridoma, clone it, then collect and purify the antibody.
Do not say that antibodies themselves are cloned. A single hybridoma cell is cloned, and the resulting cells produce the antibodies.
State that one suitable hybridoma is selected and cloned, so the antibodies produced have the same specificity.
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