Key terms & definitions

An increase in the size of muscle tissue. Cardiac hypertrophy is an increase in the size of the heart muscle.

A Roman heating system in which hot air and furnace gases circulated beneath a raised floor and could pass through wall flues.

A contradiction between a person’s claimed moral standards and their behaviour.

Claiming to follow beliefs or moral standards while acting against them.

A theory proposing that media messages directly affect a passive audience, with little resistance or variation in response.

An underground network of passages and holding spaces beneath an arena, used to organise performers, animals and stage equipment.

A less severe episode of elevated mood and increased energy and activity than mania.

The union of a fully human nature and a fully divine nature in the one person of Jesus Christ.

The longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite its right angle.

A region of the brain that monitors the temperature of the blood and coordinates responses to changes in body temperature.

A brain region involved in regulating bodily functions, including the sleep–wake cycle.

A possible explanation that can be tested against evidence.

A testable statement predicting a relationship or pattern in a geographical enquiry.

An idea that could explain an observation and can be tested against evidence.

A prediction that can be tested by an investigation.

A proposed, testable explanation for an observation or pattern in evidence.

A testable proposed explanation that leads to a prediction.

A statement that can be investigated using statistical data.

A testable statement that research evidence may support or refute.

A precise, testable statement predicting a difference or relationship between variables.

A proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested using evidence.

Tensioned strengthening cables used to reinforce a trireme's hull and help it withstand the stresses of ramming.

The International Atomic Energy Agency: the international organisation whose inspectors investigated whether Iraq had revived its nuclear weapons programme.

A metrical foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

A pattern of poetic rhythm built from pairs of syllables in which an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable.

A metrical pattern with five feet per line, each normally consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

A rhythmic pattern usually consisting of four iambs per line; each iamb has an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

An approach to medicine that used chemistry to explain bodily processes and develop remedies.

An act of worship or service to Allah; worship can include everyday actions as well as formal religious duties.

The ‘House of Worship’ built by Akbar at Fatehpur Sikri in 1575, where he hosted religious discussions.