Key terms & definitions

An Indian law governing Hindu marriage and divorce, which permits divorce on specified grounds and remarriage once the legal requirements are met.

A name used historically for India, particularly northern India in the context of Babur’s conquests.

A fitting that connects two components while allowing one to pivot relative to the other.

A freely movable joint that allows movement mainly in one plane, rather like a door opening and closing.

The agricultural territory surrounding and supporting a city, including the land that supplies its food.

The surrounding area linked to a town or city through activities such as commuting, shopping and using services.

A group of muscles at the front of the hip that helps lift the thigh towards the trunk.

The size of the hippocampus, a brain structure whose volume has been linked to self-esteem and internal locus of control.

A brain structure within the limbic system that is important for forming new long-term memories.

A member of the counterculture associated with rejecting conventional lifestyles, wearing alternative fashions and promoting peace and personal freedom.

High impact polystyrene, a polymer made using chemical starting materials obtained from crude oil.

A credit arrangement allowing someone to obtain goods and pay for them in instalments rather than paying the full price immediately.

An arrangement allowing a business to use an asset while paying for it in instalments, becoming its owner after the final payment.

The Caribbean island now divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, where Columbus founded La Navidad in 1492.

A graph showing the frequency distribution of continuous data grouped into intervals, with adjacent bars touching.

A graph of grouped continuous data in which adjoining class intervals are represented by touching bars.

A graph showing the frequency distribution of grouped continuous data, with adjoining bars.

A diagram for grouped numerical data in which class intervals form touching bars and each bar's area represents its frequency.

A diagram for grouped continuous data in which bar areas, rather than heights alone, represent frequencies.

A chart of grouped continuous data, with touching bars whose areas represent frequencies.

A graph showing continuous numerical data grouped into intervals, with touching bars whose areas represent frequencies.

The political circumstances, social values and cultural traditions surrounding the creation of a work.

The conditions surrounding an event or development, such as political authority, religious beliefs and economic activity.

The circumstances of a particular period, including events and developments that influence a media product’s creation.

The society and culture of the period when a film was made and, where relevant, the period when its story is set.

An investigation of the past in which a focused question is answered by selecting, analysing and evaluating evidence.

Information historians use to answer questions about the past, including documents, images, buildings and archaeological remains.

The extent to which a historical place mattered, judged through its role, influence or consequences in a particular context.

An explanation of a past event developed by weighing evidence; different interpretations may give different weight to particular accounts or circumstances.

Marx’s approach to explaining historical change through the organisation of economic production and conflicts between groups with different relationships to it.