Key terms & definitions

A large-scale circulation cell in which air rises near the equator, moves polewards at altitude, sinks in the subtropics and returns towards the equator near the surface.

Iron found in foods such as meat and offal that is generally absorbed more readily than non-haem iron.

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds reversibly to oxygen.

The protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it around the body.

A protein in red blood cells that binds reversibly to oxygen.

A protein inside red blood cells that binds to oxygen and can also carry carbon dioxide.

Bleeding; the woman in Mark 5:24b–34 had experienced persistent bleeding for twelve years.

A serious illness involving fever and bleeding.

A male Muslim who has memorised the whole Qur’an; the corresponding female title is hafizah.

The main Jewish defence organisation in British Mandate Palestine, which became the basis of Israel’s national armed forces.

The text used at the Pesach Seder to guide its rituals and retell the Exodus story.

The Muslim pilgrimage to Makkah, obligatory for Muslims who are physically and financially able to undertake it.

Jewish religious law, based on the Torah’s commandments and their interpretation and application.

Permitted under Islamic law, including food that meets Islamic dietary requirements.

Permitted under Islamic law. For meat, this includes requirements concerning the animal and how it is slaughtered.

An equation showing the reaction at one electrode, including the electrons transferred.

An equation showing the gain or loss of electrons by a particular particle in a reaction, balanced for both atoms and charge.

The time taken for the number of undecayed radioactive nuclei in a sample, or its activity, to fall to half its initial value.

The time taken for the number of nuclei of a radioactive isotope in a sample to halve, or for the sample’s count rate or activity to fall to half its initial level.

A rhyme in which the sounds are similar but do not fully match.

A compound containing a halogen combined with another element; examples include sodium chloride and potassium bromide.

A compound containing a halogen combined with another element, such as sodium chloride or hydrogen bromide.

A negatively charged ion formed when a halogen atom gains one electron, such as $Cl^-$, $Br^-$ or .

A negatively charged ion formed when a halogen atom gains one electron, such as $\mathrm{Cl^-}$.

A collection of psalms of praise, Psalms 113–118, recited in Jewish worship on particular occasions.

West Germany’s policy of generally refusing diplomatic relations with countries that recognised East Germany, used to isolate the East German state.

A perception, such as seeing an image or hearing a voice, without a corresponding external stimulus.

A sensory experience without a corresponding external stimulus, such as hearing a voice when nobody is speaking.

A Group 7 non-metal whose atoms have seven electrons in their outer shell.

An element in Group 7 of the periodic table. Halogen atoms have seven electrons in their outer shell.