Key terms & definitions

Movement of people, vehicles, water or material between locations, often measured as an amount passing a point in a given time.

A possible future pattern of environments and human activity in a place, shaped by physical changes and people's decisions.

A digital system that stores, displays and analyses information linked to geographical locations, often using map layers.

A computer system for storing, displaying and analysing information linked to geographical locations.

A connection in which physical features, urban development and people influence one another.

An issue involving places, people or the physical environment, often with competing interests over how it should be managed.

The position of a place within a wider area, described through its relationship to settlements, regions and other geographical features.

Movement from one geographical area to another, which can increase the distance between relatives.

The place or region from which a material originally comes. For timber, this means where the tree grew.

An action or sequence of actions that produces geographical conditions or change, such as erosion or trampling.

The geographical extent at which something is studied, such as a neighbourhood, an island, a region or the world.

A computer system that stores, displays and combines layers of geographically located information.

Dividing a market according to where customers live, such as their country, region or whether they live in an urban or rural area.

Dividing an audience into groups according to location, such as country, region or type of settlement.

Processes that change or destroy rocks, such as tectonic movement, heat, pressure, erosion and weathering.

A broad downfolded or subsiding area of the Earth's crust in which sediments accumulate.

A side-on representation of the rocks beneath a line across the landscape.

A map showing the distribution of rocks, identified using a key.

The arrangement of rocks, including their layers, cracks and joints.

The rocks of an area, including their types, arrangement and structure.

A map showing the distribution of geological units, such as different bedrock formations or superficial deposits.

A logical argument establishing a geometrical statement from given information and known mathematical facts, with a reason for each deduction.

A drawing that shows the shapes, labels and relationships described in a question.

For $n$ positive values, the $n$th root of their product. It is useful for averaging factors that multiply together.

A sequence in which each term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by the same number.

A chain of statements in which each step follows from given information or an established mathematical fact, establishing that a result must be true.

A pattern in which consecutive terms have a constant multiplicative ratio.

A natural process that shapes the Earth's surface, such as weathering, erosion, transportation or deposition.

A natural process that changes the shape of the Earth's surface.

A country's ability to influence other countries and international decisions through its economic strength, political relationships and strategic importance.