Key terms & definitions

The variable measured in response to the change in the independent variable.

The quantity measured to find out whether the independent variable has an effect.

The variable whose response is being investigated, plotted on the vertical y-axis; also called the response variable.

The outcome measured in an investigation, usually shown after the independent variable in a table and on the vertical axis of a graph.

The outcome measured by the researcher to investigate the effect of the independent variable.

A reduction in the number of people living in an area, caused by deaths, departures or both.

A reduction in the number of people living in an area.

The forced removal of people from their homes to another region or country.

A ruler who has had their position unlawfully taken by someone else.

The removal of a monarch from the throne.

The laying down of transported material, for example when melting glacial ice releases its load.

A direct change from gas to solid without becoming liquid.

The physical change in which a gas changes directly into a solid without first becoming a liquid.

The change directly from gas to solid, without becoming a liquid.

The revealed faith entrusted to the Church; recognised private revelations do not belong to it.

A repeated decrease in the value of an item, usually expressed as a percentage per time period.

A decrease in the value of a currency relative to another currency.

A prolonged, severe economic downturn affecting production, trade and employment.

An area of low atmospheric pressure, often bringing unsettled weather, strong winds and rain.

A mental illness involving persistent low mood or loss of interest, which can affect daily life.

A mental health condition involving persistent low mood or loss of interest that can affect everyday life.

A pattern of explaining negative events through internal, stable and global causes.

A period during which a person experiences a sustained pattern of depressive symptoms, usually for at least two weeks.

A lack of resources or opportunities across aspects of life, including income, employment, education, health and housing.

A measure combining indicators of living conditions and participation into a score showing the extent of deprivation.

The vertical distance from a point in a liquid to the liquid's surface.

The distance from the front of an object to its back.

A visual clue, such as overlap, relative position or angled bonds, that helps a flat image represent depth.

Visual information used to judge distance or depth.

The volume of air breathed in or out with each breath.