Key terms & definitions

Permanently changed in shape so that an enzyme's active site is no longer complementary to its substrate.

The process of removing Nazi organisations, personnel, ideas and influence from German public life after the Second World War.

The removal of Nazi organisations, influence and ideas from German public life after the Second World War.

A branched extension of a neurone that receives signals from other cells.

A short, branched extension of a neurone that receives signals.

A branching extension of a neuron that receives signals and carries them towards its cell body.

Branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

The study and dating of annual tree rings, which can also provide evidence of past growing conditions.

Dating wood by comparing patterns of annual tree rings with other ring sequences.

A long extension of a sensory neurone that carries impulses from receptor endings towards the cell body.

An extension of a sensory neurone that carries electrical impulses towards its cell body.

A character’s refusal to acknowledge an unwelcome reality.

Peter’s rejection of claims that he was associated with Jesus, culminating in his statement that he did not know him.

An attack that overwhelms a server or network with traffic or requests, preventing legitimate users from accessing its services.

Light sanding between dry coats to remove raised fibres or small surface imperfections.

A measure of the fineness of a yarn or filament, commonly used for synthetic fibres. Lower denier indicates finer yarn; higher denier indicates coarser yarn.

A strong twill-woven fabric commonly used for jeans.

The conversion of soil nitrates into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria, reducing the nitrates available to plants.

The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria, particularly in oxygen-poor soil.

A historical process through which the Crown granted an alien British nationality by letters of denization; the recipient could not pass that status to their children.

A legal status granted to a foreign-born person that provided some rights enjoyed by English subjects, without full naturalisation.

A legal position granted to a foreign-born person that provided some rights enjoyed by English subjects, but was not full naturalisation.

A recognised branch of Christianity with its own organisation and particular beliefs or practices.

The number below the fraction line; it represents the quantity with which the first quantity is being compared.

The bottom number in a fraction, showing how many equal parts make up the whole.

The literal meaning of a word or phrase.

The literal content or meaning of a sign: what is shown, written or heard.

The literal content of an image or sound: what is directly shown or heard.

The resolution following a story’s climax, when its complications are usually explained or settled.

Mass per unit volume: how much matter is packed into a given volume.