Key terms & definitions

The nucleus produced by radioactive decay.

Inviting people to submit to Allah and follow Islam through explaining the faith and demonstrating it in practice.

A law passed in 1887 that authorised the allotment of reservation land to Indigenous individuals and families and allowed remaining land to be opened to settlers.

The 1924 agreement that made Germany’s annual reparations payments more manageable and helped secure American loans.

Compassion towards others, including animals.

The day when Allah judges everyone according to how they have lived.

The period of repentance beginning with Rosh Hashanah and ending with Yom Kippur.

A leisure visit that involves travelling away from home and returning on the same day, without an overnight stay.

A rural community in Xiyang County, Shanxi province, promoted by Mao in 1964 as a national agricultural model based on collective labour and self-reliance.

A circuit supplied with current that flows in one direction.

A source that provides a potential difference between positive and negative terminals to drive current around a circuit.

A political situation in which opposing groups prevent decisions from being agreed or carried out.

The removal of the amino group from an excess amino acid in the liver, producing ammonia.

The permanent end of the body's life functions.

A killing centre established specifically for mass murder. Death camps differed from concentration camps, although Auschwitz combined both functions.

A mask placed over a dead person’s face; examples from Grave Circle A were made of gold.

Punishment by execution. It is also called capital punishment.

The execution of a convicted offender by the state as a legal punishment for a crime; also called capital punishment.

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population per year.

The number of deaths during a stated period relative to the population, commonly expressed as deaths per 1,000 people per year.

An official document authorising a person’s execution.

A discussion in which people hold different views about an issue or what should be done about it.

Money leaving a bank account, reducing its balance.

Using dies and pressure to produce a recessed design in paper or board.

The surgical removal of dead, damaged or contaminated tissue from a wound to help prevent infection.

An explanation after participation that reveals the research's true purpose, explains any deception and gives an opportunity for questions and checks on welfare.

An explanation given to participants after research, clarifying its real purpose and any deception used.

An explanation after participation of the research's true purpose and any deception, with opportunities to ask questions and address concerns.

A sum of money owed to another person or organisation.

Money owed to a lender, which must be repaid, usually with interest.