Key terms & definitions

Taxes charged on goods entering or leaving a country or territory.

A tax on goods entering or leaving a country; Edward I collected customs duty on exported wool.

Money collected by the government from taxes on imports and exports.

An arrangement in which participating countries remove customs duties on goods traded between them and apply common tariffs to goods arriving from outside.

An immediate transition from one shot to another, with no gradual blending or darkening.

A technique that combines selected parts of existing images to explore or present a design idea, physically or digitally.

A waxy, water-resistant layer covering the epidermis of a leaf and reducing water loss from its surface.

A portion of meat taken from a particular part of an animal. Its location affects its structure, tenderness and suitable cooking method.

A simpler region removed from a larger enclosing shape when area is found by subtraction.

A piece removed from a parent plant and used to grow a genetically identical new plant.

Separating paper or board along a line by cutting through its thickness.

A shaped cutting tool pressed through material to produce pieces with the same outline.

A list recording the quantity, material and dimensions of every part to be cut for a product.

A document prepared by an applicant summarising their qualifications, work experience, skills and other relevant information. CV stands for curriculum vitae.

Using online messages, images or other media to upset, embarrass or deliberately isolate someone.

Criminal activity carried out using computers or networks, including online fraud and extortion.

The protection of computer systems, networks and data against unauthorised access, damage and other threats.

The use of computer systems and networks to carry out attacks intended to create fear or achieve political aims.

A repeating pattern of events or changes, such as daily journeys or seasonal leaf growth and fall.

One complete repetition of an alternating pattern, returning to the same value and direction of change.

One complete repetition of a recurring pattern in data.

A process through which disadvantages reinforce one another and can be passed from one generation to the next.

The idea that people can move into and out of poverty as their circumstances and the balance between household income and needs change.

A situation in which low incomes limit investment in improvements that could help raise incomes, allowing poverty to continue.

A pattern in which poverty limits opportunities, making it harder to escape poverty and potentially passing disadvantage to the next generation.

A repeating pattern in which retaliation for one injury produces another injury and a further desire to retaliate.

A view of time in which creation, preservation and dissolution recur, rather than history having only one beginning and one final end.

An understanding of the universe as passing through repeated phases of creation, preservation and dissolution, rather than having only one creation followed by a permanent end.

An arrangement in which the ending returns to an image, situation or idea from the beginning.

An arrangement in which the final part returns to an image, idea or situation introduced at the beginning, often with a changed meaning.