Key terms & definitions

Describes a substance that can attack living tissue, causing chemical burns and serious eye damage.

Board with a fluted paper layer between liner layers, providing a lightweight structure with stiffness and cushioning.

Board with a corrugated, or wavy, paper layer between outer sheets, used for lightweight protective packaging.

Board with a wavy, fluted paper layer between flat outer liners.

Forming a sheet into repeated waves or ridges. In corrugated board, a fluted core is bonded between flat liner sheets.

Forming a sheet into waves or flutes; in corrugated board, this sheet sits between flat outer sheets.

Altered from an original divine form; in discussions of Muslim scripture, this can refer to changes to a text or distortions of its meaning.

A file whose data has been damaged so that it cannot be processed correctly.

The misuse of a position of power for personal benefit, such as officials stealing public money or officers taking supplies intended for soldiers.

The misuse of an official position or public funds for private benefit.

The misuse of authority for personal advantage, often involving the betrayal of stated principles.

Alteration from an original divine revelation, so that a text no longer preserves that revelation accurately.

An index ranking countries and territories by perceived public-sector corruption, scored from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).

A close-fitting undergarment worn to support and shape the body, often drawing in the waist.

Two monarchs sharing a throne. Cleopatra initially ruled jointly with her brother Ptolemy XIII, although they struggled against each other for control.

A monarch who formally shares rule with another monarch, although their actual political power may be unequal.

The ratio of the side adjacent to an angle to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle.

A formula relating all three sides of a triangle to one angle, for example $a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cos A$.

Faint microwave radiation detected from all directions in space, understood as radiation left over from the hot early Universe.

Microwave radiation arriving from all directions in space, interpreted as cooled radiation remaining from the hot early Universe.

Radiation remaining from the early universe, now observed as microwaves, which supports the Big Bang theory.

Microwave radiation detected from all directions in space, originating in the hot early universe.

The harmony and right relationship of the whole of creation with God.

High-energy radiation arriving from space, including fast-moving particles from the Sun and beyond.

High-energy radiation arriving at Earth from space.

The restoration of the whole creation to its intended fulfilment and harmony in Christ, overcoming the damage caused by sin.

An argument for God’s existence based on the existence of the universe and the need to explain its origin or dependence. The First Cause argument is a form of cosmological argument.

Beliefs or ideas about the origin, nature and organisation of the universe.

An expense incurred by a business in producing and selling goods or services.

A comparison of an option’s costs with its expected benefits to help decide whether it is worthwhile and how it compares with alternatives.