Key terms & definitions

The principle that the total momentum of a closed system is the same before and after an interaction.

The principle that, in a closed system, total momentum before an event equals total momentum after the event.

The ability to understand that the number of objects remains the same when their arrangement changes, provided none are added or removed.

A planned set of actions intended to protect or restore species, habitats or ecosystems.

A political philosophy emphasising tradition, duty and continuity, generally supporting private enterprise and limited government intervention.

A plate boundary where plates slide past one another without creating or destroying crust; also called a transform boundary.

A plate boundary where plates slide past one another without creating or destroying crust.

The extent to which data values are close together. A smaller measure of spread indicates greater consistency.

Providing the expected standard repeatedly, rather than only occasionally.

The thickness and degree of firmness or fluidity of a food mixture.

Reliably meeting expected standards each time a good or service is supplied.

Comfort that eases suffering without necessarily removing its cause.

Strengthening control over territory already taken, through measures such as forts, garrisons, reliable supplies and administrative reforms.

Making control more secure by weakening opposition and strengthening the ability to enforce decisions.

The divine partner or spouse of a deity.

A secret agreement between people to carry out an unlawful act. An accusation of conspiracy does not prove that such an agreement existed.

A secret agreement between people to carry out an unlawful or harmful act. In Julius Caesar, Cassius organises the plot to assassinate Caesar.

A local official who helped enforce the law and assisted magistrates.

A local officer responsible for keeping the peace. In Shakespeare’s England, constables were ordinary members of the community rather than modern professional police officers.

Firmness of purpose, loyalty and self-control, especially under pressure.

A fixed value that contains no variables.

A named value that cannot be changed once assigned during program execution.

Acceleration that remains unchanged during the motion being considered.

Acceleration that does not change during the motion being modelled.

The capital of the Byzantine Empire, situated where the Bosphorus links the Black Sea with the Mediterranean world.

A final mass that no longer changes after repeated cycles of heating, cooling and weighing, indicating that the reaction is complete.

A mass that no longer changes after repeated heating, cooling and weighing; in the magnesium oxide experiment, this indicates that the reaction is complete.

The fixed multiplier $k$ in a relationship of the form $y=kx$.

Motion in which equal distances are travelled in equal intervals of time.

A speed that does not change: equal distances are travelled in equal time intervals.