Key terms & definitions

A pair of expressions such as $a+\sqrt b$ and $a-\sqrt b$, whose product is a difference of two squares.

A word that connects words, phrases or clauses, such as ‘and’, ‘but’ or ‘because’.

A rigid link with pivoting joints that transfers movement and force between a crank and a slider.

A wire used to carry current between the parts of a circuit rather than to provide a deliberate heating effect.

A word or phrase that shows how ideas relate, for example through contrast, cause, addition or sequence.

Material that supports and connects structures such as muscles. Meat cuts containing substantial connective tissue generally need longer, moist cooking to become tender.

How well places are linked, affecting how easily people and goods can travel between them.

The pattern of which atoms are bonded directly to which other atoms in a structure.

An expert judge with specialist knowledge, often of art or fine objects. Jones applies this term to Holmes’s knowledge of crime.

An association or suggestion carried by a word beyond its literal meaning.

An association or suggestion carried by a word beyond its literal meaning.

An associated meaning suggested by a sign, shaped by its context and the audience interpreting it.

An associated or suggested meaning arising from an image or sound in its context.

Taking control of a territory or people by military force.

A Spanish conqueror who took part in the conquest of territories in the Americas during the sixteenth century.

A person’s inward sense of what is morally right or wrong.

The capacity to judge the moral rightness or wrongness of an action. Catholics understand conscience as an inner guide through which God's voice is heard.

Refusal to participate in military service or another activity because it conflicts with a person’s moral or religious convictions.

A person who objects to military service or participation in war because of deeply held religious, moral or political beliefs.

A person who refuses to take part in fighting because doing so would violate their religious or moral beliefs.

The part of the mind containing thoughts and feelings a person is currently aware of.

Awareness of oneself and one's surroundings.

Awareness of something being experienced.

The compulsory recruitment of civilians into the armed forces; in the USA this was known as the draft.

Compulsory recruitment into military service, rather than joining voluntarily.

Land dedicated by the Church for religious use, including burial.

The blessing and setting apart of something for sacred use; in the Eucharist, it refers to the blessing of the bread and wine.

An integer immediately before or after another integer. Consecutive integers can be represented by $n$ and $n+1$.

Integers that follow immediately after one another, represented by $n$, $n+1$, $n+2$, and so on.

Whole numbers that follow one another with a difference of 1, represented by $n$, $n+1$, $n+2$ and so on.