OCR GCSE Geography B key terms

Flooding that develops rapidly, often after intense rainfall, leaving little time to prepare or evacuate.

A broad, relatively flat area beside a river that is covered by water when the river floods.

The plants found in a particular region or habitat.

A map showing movement or connections between locations, with line width proportional to the quantity represented.

The point within the Earth where an earthquake begins.

The amount and range of food supplied through domestic production and imports.

A community organisation that distributes donated food to people who cannot afford enough to eat, usually as emergency support.

The food people actually eat. Purchase records can indicate consumption patterns, but include food that may be wasted.

A situation in which people cannot reliably obtain enough safe, nutritious food for a healthy and active life.

Food lost before reaching shops, for example through deterioration during storage or transport.

Having reliable access to enough safe, nutritious food for a healthy life.

Food discarded by retailers, catering businesses or consumers, including food that could have been eaten.

Coal, oil and natural gas: carbon-containing fuels formed from ancient organic material. Burning them releases carbon dioxide.

Rock breakdown caused by water repeatedly freezing and expanding in cracks, then thawing.

How often an event occurs, or how many times a value or category appears in a dataset.

A residential development with controlled entry, usually enclosed by walls or fences.

The value of goods and services produced within a country divided by its population. It is an average, not the income received by every person.

A crop whose genetic material has been deliberately altered to give it particular characteristics, such as improved nutritional content.

Change in a neighbourhood as investment and more affluent residents move in, often increasing property prices and rents and potentially displacing lower-income residents.

A geographical question investigated using evidence about places, people, environments or processes.

A digital system that combines data about locations with information about those places, allowing users to display, compare and analyse it.

A computer system that stores, displays and combines layers of geographically located information.

The rocks of an area, including their types, structure and origins.

A natural process that changes the shape of the land, including weathering, erosion, transport, deposition and mass movement.

Information linked to a geographical location, such as a grid reference, latitude and longitude, or a named country.

A colder interval during which glaciers and ice sheets expand.

A landscape shaped by moving ice in the past, through erosion and the deposition of material.