OCR GCSE Geography B key terms

A change in where a person lives, either within a country or between countries.

Long-term cycles in the shape of Earth's orbit, its axial tilt and the direction of its axis, which alter the distribution of sunlight reaching Earth.

Eight international development goals adopted in 2000, with a 2015 deadline, addressing poverty, education, gender equality, health, environmental sustainability and global partnership.

Measures taken to reduce the deaths, injuries and damage caused by a hazard.

The class interval with the highest frequency in a grouped frequency table.

The value or category that occurs most frequently.

Repeated observation and measurement of changes, such as ground movement, to understand hazard activity.

Growing a single crop over an area, which can provide fewer habitats than a more varied farming system.

Describes a society in which people from different cultural backgrounds live.

Deprivation across several aspects of life, such as education, health, housing and access to basic services, rather than low income alone.

The additional economic activity created when an initial investment generates jobs, spending and demand for other businesses.

A relationship between organisms in which both benefit.

Movement to live in a different place within the same country.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation: a political and military alliance whose members cooperate over their security.

The number of births minus the number of deaths. A positive result is natural increase; a negative result is natural decrease.

The warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by naturally occurring greenhouse gases absorbing and re-emitting outgoing infrared radiation.

Population growth that occurs when births outnumber deaths, excluding migration.

An area whose character is dominated by naturally occurring features, such as mountains, rivers and coastlines, although human influence may still be present.

A raised bank of deposited river sediment alongside a channel, built up during repeated floods.

Materials or supplies obtained from the environment that people use, such as water, timber and fossil fuels.

A weather event that threatens people, property, livelihoods or the environment.

The number of people moving into a country minus the number moving out during a specified period.

A non-governmental organisation: an organisation independent of government that works towards aims such as reducing poverty or protecting the environment.

Food that can be stored for a relatively long time without spoiling, such as dried pasta or unopened tins.

A numbered horizontal grid line on a map. Northing values increase towards the north and are read second in a grid reference.

A measure comparing older people with the working-age population. The ONS measure discussed here counts people of State Pension age per 1,000 people of working age.

Farming that relies on methods such as natural pest control, crop rotation and manure or compost rather than routine use of artificial pesticides and fertilisers.