Eduqas GCSE History key terms

A foreign incomer to the Transvaal, particularly someone attracted by its gold industry.

A final demand backed by a threatened consequence if it is rejected.

A medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of structures inside the body.

Digging beneath a defensive wall or tower to make its foundations collapse.

An Elizabethan label for poor people believed to be able to work but unwilling to do so; it was often applied to wandering beggars.

A system in which eligible workers receive financial support during unemployment, funded through insurance contributions.

The Universal Negro Improvement Association, led by Marcus Garvey, which promoted pride in African heritage, black economic independence and the idea of returning to Africa.

The requirement that people follow the same authorised religious practices and church rules.

A country giving up its weapons without requiring other countries to do the same first.

A supporter of keeping Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom.

The growth of towns and cities and the increasing proportion of people living in them.

Giving a vaccine to stimulate protection against a particular disease.

A person who travelled from place to place without settled employment. Tudor authorities often associated vagabonds with begging, idleness and disorder.

Wandering from place to place without settled employment, often while looking for work; Tudor authorities treated this as a criminal problem.

Someone who recognises the authority of a more powerful ruler and owes that ruler obedience or service.

Special clothing worn by clergy during church services.

The power to reject a proposal and prevent it from becoming law.

A governor who exercises authority on behalf of a monarch.

Communist guerrillas operating in South Vietnam, supported by North Vietnam and fighting against the South Vietnamese government and US forces.

The Vietnamese independence movement led by Ho Chi Minh, which fought Japanese occupation and then French colonial rule.

Nixon’s policy of transferring more responsibility for fighting the Vietnam War to South Vietnamese forces while withdrawing American troops.

Khrushchev’s agricultural campaign to increase food production by cultivating previously unfarmed land, especially in northern Kazakhstan and neighbouring Russian areas.

The simultaneous firing of weapons by a group of soldiers.

An organisation supported by voluntary donations to help people in need, rather than funded through compulsory taxation.

Joining the armed forces by choice rather than being legally required to serve.

A parliamentary vote on whether a government retains the support of Parliament; defeat can lead to resignation or a general election.

A customary holiday period, especially in northern English industrial communities, which developed from religious celebrations. Factories, mills and collieries closed for maintenance, giving workers an initially unpaid break.