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GCSE History · key term
A method of preventing infectious disease by stimulating the body’s immune system to develop protection. Jenner used cowpox material to protect against smallpox.
Used by AQA and Edexcel
Paper 2
Giving a preparation that stimulates protection against a disease. Jenner’s smallpox vaccination used material from cowpox sores rather than smallpox itself.
Revise: Prevention of DiseaseThe method became known as vaccination, a name derived from the Latin vacca, meaning cow. Unlike inoculation, it did not deliberately give the recipient smallpox, making it a safer approach.
Paper 1
Giving a preparation that helps the body develop protection against a particular infectious disease before encountering it.
Revise: Approaches to Prevention and TreatmentCleaner hospitals and trained nurses improved care; anaesthetics and antiseptics transformed surgery; vaccination and public health measures helped prevent disease. However, safer operations and better nursing did not mean that doctors could cure every disease.
Giving a vaccine to prepare the immune system to protect against a particular infection.
Distinguish the materials used: inoculation used smallpox material; Jenner’s vaccination used cowpox material.
Explain why people opposed vaccination rather than simply listing opponents. Separate doubts about safety and scientific explanation from opposition to compulsory vaccination.
Use 1796 for Jenner’s experiment, 1798 for publication and 1853 for compulsory infant vaccination in England.
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