Eduqas GCSE History key terms

Elizabeth I’s title as ruler of the Church of England, giving her authority over its government.

The systematic observation of enemy forces and activities to gather information for military decisions.

Emphasising beats that listeners would not normally expect to be stressed, creating an uneven or surprising rhythmic effect.

The blending of beliefs and practices from different religions.

The use and arrangement of troops and weapons during a battle.

A film with synchronised recorded sound, including speech.

Films with synchronised recorded speech, unlike silent films accompanied by live music.

A tax on imported goods, often used to protect domestic producers from foreign competition.

A discussion meeting used to explore a political issue and encourage informed participation, particularly among students.

A corruption scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall secretly gave private companies access to government oil reserves in return for bribes.

A movement encouraging people to reduce or give up drinking alcohol.

The principal temple at Tenochtitlan, with two shrines dedicated to Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc.

A farmer who rented land from a landowner.

A large building divided into separate flats, often overcrowded in nineteenth-century industrial towns.

A group whose members claim control over a particular neighbourhood and use intimidation or violence against outsiders and rivals.

The use of intimidation and violence to frighten people into obedience and suppress opposition.

Using violence or threats to intimidate people and influence events for political or ideological purposes.

The policies and beliefs associated with Margaret Thatcher, emphasising private enterprise, individual responsibility, reduced state ownership and limits on trade-union power.

A toy consisting of a disc with a different picture on each side; spinning it makes the two pictures appear combined.

The period of reduced cultural restrictions under Khrushchev, which allowed greater freedom of expression without ending Communist Party control.

Taking another person’s property without permission.

The scientific explanation that living things change over many generations, with natural selection helping to shape that change.

The medieval belief that health depended on balancing four bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.

A nuclear weapon, also called a hydrogen bomb or H-bomb, capable of much greater explosive power than early atomic bombs.

A person who captured suspected criminals for rewards or arranged the return of stolen property for a fee.

The Soviet economic plan begun in January 1938, which expanded heavy industry and armaments production before being interrupted by the German invasion in June 1941.

Restrictions introduced during the energy crisis of winter 1973–74 that limited electricity use by many businesses to three specified days each week.