Edexcel GCSE Mathematics key terms

A flat part of the outside of a 3D shape. Each face is a 2D shape.

An expression that is multiplied by another expression to make a product.

A positive integer that divides another integer exactly, with no remainder.

To rewrite an expression as a product of its factors.

An object or process whose possible outcomes are equally likely, such as a fair six-sided die.

A game in which the player's expected winnings equal the cost of playing, so neither player nor organiser gains on average.

A sequence generated from earlier terms by a recurrence rule of the Fibonacci kind; in the standard Fibonacci sequence, each new term is the sum of the previous two.

A circle that shows an endpoint is included in a solution set.

The value after the stated change has taken place.

A sequence with a final term and therefore a limited number of terms.

The result of subtracting one term of a sequence from the next term.

A value $L$ satisfying $L=g(L)$, so applying the iteration rule leaves it unchanged.

The shape and arrangement of the area occupied by an object when viewed from above.

A written arithmetic procedure in which digits are arranged according to place value.

A mathematical rule written using symbols to show how quantities are related.

A number describing part of a whole or the result of one quantity divided by another.

An index written as a fraction, such as $\frac12$ or $\frac23$; for positive bases it combines a root and a power.

A fraction whose numerator and denominator have no common factor greater than 1.

The number of times a value or outcome occurs.

Frequency density is the frequency per unit of class width; it determines the height of a histogram bar.

A table that records each category or value together with its frequency.

A branching diagram that divides a total into groups and shows the number in each group.

An elevation obtained by looking directly at the object from the direction marked as the front.

A rule that maps each permitted input to one output.

Notation in which $f(x)$ represents the output of a function when its input is $x$.

A sequence in which each term is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by the same non-zero number.

The change in $y$ divided by the corresponding change in $x$; it measures the steepness of a straight line.