Deindustrialisation

Deindustrialisation is a decline in manufacturing activity and employment. It does not mean that every factory closes, or that all economic activity disappears. Production may move elsewhere, factories may shut, or machines may allow the remaining factories to operate with fewer workers.

The decline of its motor industry, including the movement of manufacturing overseas, contributed to job losses and population loss. This process is part of deindustrialisation.

One major cause is deindustrialisation. Birmingham lost much of its manufacturing employment during the 1970s and 1980s. Job losses reduced household incomes and investment in former industrial neighbourhoods.