Decomposition

Less living vegetation eventually supplies less litter for decomposition, so nutrient recycling is disrupted. The exposed soil becomes more vulnerable to erosion, while reduced transpiration can reduce the moisture available for rainfall. Humans therefore depend on the rainforest but can also alter the relationships that keep it functioning.

Less dead plant material reaches the ground, reducing the nutrients returned through decomposition. The exposed soil also loses protection from rain, increasing the risk of erosion.

High temperatures and plentiful moisture allow decomposition to happen rapidly. Plants also grow throughout the year, so nutrient uptake is rapid. Consequently, most nutrients are stored in biomass, with much smaller stores in litter and soil.