AQA GCSE Mathematics key terms

A rule that defines each value using one or more earlier values, such as $x_{n+1}=g(x_n)$.

A rule that defines a term using one or more earlier terms in the same sequence.

A transformation that produces a mirror image of a graph in a specified line, such as the $x$-axis or $y$-axis.

A polygon whose sides are all equal in length and whose interior angles are all equal.

The proportion of trials in which an outcome actually occurs: its frequency divided by the total number of trials.

A sample whose relevant characteristics reflect those of the population it is being used to describe.

The single vector that has the same overall effect as two or more vectors followed in sequence.

An angle measuring exactly $90^\circ$. It is conventionally marked by a small square at the vertex.

A solid with the same polygon-shaped cross-section throughout its length, with its length perpendicular to that cross-section.

A value of $x$ that makes an equation true; on the graph $y=f(x)$, a real root is an $x$-coordinate where the graph meets the $x$-axis.

The property of a shape that matches its original position after a turn of less than $360^\circ$ about a fixed centre.

Replacing a number with a nearby value stated to a chosen degree of accuracy.

The amount to which a value has been rounded, such as the nearest 1 cm, 10 kg or 0.01 second.

A smaller part of a population from which data are collected.

A collection of all the possible outcomes under consideration.

A numerical value calculated from sample data, such as a sample proportion or sample mean.

A list or other record of the members of a population from which a sample can be selected.

The natural difference between results obtained from different samples taken from the same population.

An ordinary number used to multiply a vector, changing its magnitude and possibly reversing its direction.

A statement comparing a length on a drawing or map with the corresponding real length.

A drawing in which lengths represent real lengths using a consistent scale.

A drawing in which lengths represent real lengths in a fixed proportion.

The number by which distances from the centre of enlargement are multiplied; its sign also determines which side of the centre the image lies on.

A graph that plots each pair of values as a point to show how two variables may be related.

Data originally collected by somebody else, such as information taken from a published database.

The differences between consecutive first differences.

The region of a circle enclosed by two radii and the arc joining their endpoints.

A region of a circle bounded by a chord and an arc.