Mathematics key terms

A selection formed by choosing items from specified groups or categories.

The result of applying two or more transformations in succession.

Two or more outcomes considered together, such as obtaining a head and then rolling a six.

An outcome formed by considering the results of two or more stages together.

A denominator shared by two or more fractions so that they can be added or subtracted.

The fixed amount added to one term of an arithmetic progression to obtain the next; it can be positive, negative or zero.

A factor of each of two or more numbers.

A multiple of each of two or more numbers.

The fixed multiplier between consecutive terms of a geometric progression, found by dividing a term by the preceding non-zero term.

One unit used for every quantity being compared, such as grams for both masses.

The curved mark drawn by a compass while its opening stays fixed.

A drawing instrument with a fixed point and a pencil leg, used to draw circles.

The event that an event does not occur; its probability is $1-P(A)$.

Two angles whose sum is $90^\circ$.

The event that an event $A$ does not happen.

A way of writing a quadratic as $a(x-h)^2+k$, which reveals its turning point and line of symmetry.

Rewriting a quadratic using a squared bracket, such as $x^2+6x+5=(x+3)^2-4$.

One of the horizontal or vertical movements that together make up a two-dimensional vector.

The horizontal and vertical parts of a vector, written as the top and bottom entries respectively in a two-dimensional column vector.

A simpler familiar shape into which a composite shape can be divided, such as a rectangle, triangle or trapezium.

A two-dimensional shape formed by combining two or more simpler shapes.

A chart with one bar per category, divided into sections that show each group's contribution to the total.

A function formed by applying one function to the output of another.

An integer greater than 1 that is not prime because it has more than two positive factors.

A shape made by joining two or more simpler shapes.

A three-dimensional solid formed by joining two or more simpler solids, or by removing one solid from another.

Repeated percentage decrease, with each decrease calculated from the amount at the start of that period.

Repeated percentage increase, with each increase calculated from the amount at the start of that period.

Two inequalities combined to place both a lower and an upper restriction on a variable.

Interest calculated on the current balance, so earlier interest can itself earn interest in later periods.