Mathematics key terms

A diagram showing the minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile and maximum of a distribution on a numerical scale.

To place a value between a known lower bound and a known upper bound.

Grouping symbols which show that an operation applies to the complete expression inside them.

A line on a tree diagram representing one possible outcome at a particular stage; its label can show that outcome and its probability.

An axis that omits part of its numerical range, normally shown using a break mark.

Removing a common non-zero factor from the numerator and denominator of a fraction or quotient.

The amount a container can hold, commonly measured in litres or millilitres.

A method of estimating population size by marking one sample, releasing it and counting the marked individuals found in a later sample.

A system for locating points using two perpendicular number lines, usually called the $x$-axis and $y$-axis.

Data placed into named groups, such as eye colour or favourite sport, rather than measured numerically.

A relationship in which a change in one factor produces a change in another.

The collection of data from every member of a population.

The angle at the centre of a circle between the two radii that bound an arc or sector.

The fixed point that is the same distance from every point on a circle.

A fixed point from which distances to corresponding points are multiplied during an enlargement.

The fixed point about which a shape is turned.

An event that is guaranteed to happen; its probability is 1.

Using a related calculation, often involving an inverse operation, to test whether an answer is correct.

A straight line segment joining two points on a circle.

A circle is the set of all points that are the same distance from a fixed point called the centre.

The boundary of a circle, or the distance once around that boundary.

A boundary that separates neighbouring continuous classes without gaps or overlaps.

A range used to group data values together.

The value halfway between the lower and upper boundaries of a class interval.

The difference between the upper and lower boundaries of a class interval.

The direction in which the hands of a clock move.

The numerical multiplier of a variable; for example, the coefficient of $x$ in $3x$ is $3$.

Points are collinear if they lie on the same straight line.

Points that lie on the same straight line.

A vector written vertically with its horizontal movement on top and its vertical movement underneath.