Mathematics key terms

The top number of a fraction; it records how many equal parts are being considered.

The original shape before a transformation.

An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°.

A whole number that is not divisible by 2; division by 2 leaves a remainder of 1 in the corresponding positive number.

One equal unit represented by 1 in a ratio; its value depends on the quantities being compared.

A circle that shows an endpoint is excluded from a solution set.

A question that allows someone to give an answer in their own words rather than choosing from supplied options.

One of the mathematical processes addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

A number or operation that acts on another quantity; in this topic, a fraction or percentage acts by multiplication.

The number with the same magnitude but the opposite sign; for example, the opposite of $-4$ is $4$.

The angle directly across the triangle from a particular side; side $a$ is opposite angle $A$.

The side across from the acute angle being considered in a right-angled triangle.

An ordered result such as $(2,5)$, where the position of each value identifies the experiment that produced it.

The agreed sequence in which operations are evaluated: brackets and indices before multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction.

The number of positions in one complete turn at which a shape matches itself, including the position reached at $360^\circ$.

The usual decimal representation of a number rather than its representation in standard form.

A number written in its usual decimal notation rather than in standard form.

The clockwise or anticlockwise order of the vertices around a shape; a reflection reverses this order.

The point $(0,0)$ where the $x$-axis and $y$-axis meet.

The quantity from which a fraction, percentage or percentage change is calculated.

The value before a percentage change was applied.

A flat view formed by looking straight towards a solid, without making more distant parts appear smaller.

A flat drawing in which points on a 3D object are viewed straight from one direction, without perspective.

A single possible result of a trial, such as rolling a 4 on a die.

A rectangular arrangement in which the row and column headings are combined to enumerate outcomes from two events or choices.

A branching diagram in which each route from the start to an endpoint represents one complete outcome of a multistage process.

A side or curve that lies on the exposed outside boundary of a shape.

A value unusually far from the main body of a distribution.

The value produced by a function.

An estimate greater than the exact value.