Key terms & definitions

A graph relating a measured signal to known concentrations, used to find the concentration of an unknown sample.

Cotton cloth, imported into Britain from South Asia, which could be plain or decorated with printed patterns.

A fabric constructed using a plain weave.

A Muslim ruler regarded as the leader of the Islamic community.

A successor to Muhammad as leader of the Muslim community.

A state or territory governed by a caliph.

An instruction that runs a subprogram, supplying any required arguments.

Decorative, carefully formed handwriting, valued as an art form and collected alongside paintings in Mughal albums.

The art of beautiful or carefully designed writing. In Islamic art, it can communicate sacred words as well as non-religious texts.

A strong sense that a particular kind of work is one’s purpose in life. Mai regards practising obeah as her calling.

The main program or subroutine that makes a particular subroutine call.

A plant polysaccharide that may be deposited to strengthen a barrier against an invading pathogen.

Cruelly indifferent to another person’s suffering.

A lack of sympathy for another person’s suffering.

A final appeal that tells the audience what practical step to take.

A prompt telling the audience what action to take after encountering a media message.

A unit used to measure energy obtained from food. Food calories are usually expressed as kilocalories, written as Kcal in this topic and commonly as kcal on food labels.

The energy obtained from the food a person eats, commonly expressed in kilocalories (kcal) per person per day.

An insulated container used to measure temperature changes caused by a physical or chemical change.

An insulated container used to investigate energy transfers by measuring temperature changes.

A method of determining an energy transfer by measuring a temperature change in a known mass of a substance such as water.

An experiment that measures an energy change indirectly from a measured temperature change.

A community of families connected by ancestry or long association, whose elders managed communal land and allocated plots to members.

An Aztec community organisation which managed local affairs and education; in Tenochtitlán, these became neighbourhood divisions rather than necessarily groups of related families.

A Protestant Christian tradition based on John Calvin’s teachings, forming part of Stevenson’s Scottish religious upbringing and its concern with sin, salvation and moral responsibility.

A filled pizza made by folding the dough over so that it encloses the filling.

Computer-aided manufacture: using digital data to control machinery that makes a product or component.

A deliberate upward curve in a beam that helps compensate for downward bending under load.

The direction from which the camera views its subject, such as looking down from a high angle or up from a low angle.

The apparent distance between the camera and its subject, expressed through shot sizes such as long shot, medium shot and close-up.