OCR GCSE History B · J411
Paper 3
A Muslim ruler regarded as the leader of the Islamic community.
Revise: Interaction with Arab worldIn 921 he left Baghdad as part of a delegation sent by Caliph al-Muqtadir to the ruler of the Volga Bulgars. The Bulgar ruler had requested help with a fort and a mosque, as well as instruction in Islam. In 922, Ibn Fadlan encountered Rus merchants on the Volga.
- Revise: The Islamic world
- Revise: Kingdom of Jerusalem
A Muslim ruler claiming succession to Muhammad’s leadership of the Muslim community. Rival caliphs ruled from Baghdad and Cairo during the First Crusade.