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Browse key terms and definitions across all GCSE subjects. Search by keyword or filter by subject and exam board.
23,110 key terms
Tory
A member or supporter of the political grouping that emerged during the succession crisis of 1679–1681, opposing James’s exclusion and defending hereditary succession and royal authority.
Total amount
The principal together with all the interest charged or earned.
Total cost
The sum of fixed costs and total variable costs at a particular output level.
Total costs
The sum of a business's fixed costs and total variable costs over a period.
Total distance
The complete length of the route travelled, irrespective of direction.
Total energy input
All the energy supplied to a device or process.
Total energy supplied
All the energy transferred into a device.
Total energy use
The amount of energy used by a population over a stated period, often one year.
Total fertility rate
The average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if current age-specific fertility rates continued.
Total frequency
The whole number of observations or trials being considered, including those that do and do not have the characteristic of interest.
Total input energy transfer
All the energy supplied to a device or system.
Total input energy transfer
All the energy supplied to a device or system, including the energy that is subsequently transferred usefully and the energy that is wasted.
Total internal reflection
The complete reflection of light at a boundary when it travels towards a lower-refractive-index material at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle.
Total internal reflection
The complete reflection of light back into a material at its boundary, under suitable conditions. It keeps light travelling along an optical fibre.
Totalitarianism
A system in which the ruling regime seeks to control political life and wider society, suppressing independent organisations and opposition.
Totalitarianism
A system of government that seeks extensive control over public and private life, suppressing opposition and independent thought.
Total mobilisation
The extensive direction of society’s labour, resources and everyday activities towards fighting a war.
Total number of parts
The sum of all the parts in a ratio; it becomes the denominator when each part is written as a fraction of the whole.
Total pressure
The complete pressure measured relative to a vacuum; for an open liquid, it includes atmospheric pressure and the pressure due to the liquid.
Total profit from an investment
The total income received from an investment over its lifetime minus the cost of the investment.
Total quality management (TQM)
A whole-business approach in which all employees take responsibility for quality, preventing problems and continually improving how work is done.
Total quantity
A quantity that is divided between people, groups or categories in a specified ratio.
Total resistance
The resistance of a single resistor that would have the same overall effect as a combination of resistors.
Total strategy
P. W. Botha’s approach to defending white rule through a combination of limited reforms, repression and military action against perceived threats inside and outside South Africa.
Total surface area
The sum of the areas of all the surfaces forming the outside of a three-dimensional solid, measured in square units.
Total time
The complete elapsed time from the start to the end of the motion, including any stops that are part of the journey.
Total trade
The combined value of a country's exports and imports.
Total war
A war in which a country mobilises its economy and civilian population, as well as its armed forces, for the war effort.
Totonacs
An Indigenous people living near the Gulf coast of Mexico, including at Cempoala, whose leaders sought Spanish help against Aztec rule in 1519.
Toughness
The ability to absorb energy and resist cracking or breaking.
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