Key terms & definitions

Monitoring an area or enemy activity to gather information that can inform military decisions.

Monitoring people and gathering information to help prevent crime, for example through CCTV.

Using media to gain knowledge about events, people or the wider world; also called information.

Using Facebook to keep track of other people’s activities, such as reading their updates and viewing their photographs.

A research method that collects answers from a group of respondents, usually using a questionnaire.

An investigation that collects information from participants, often using a questionnaire, and analyses their responses.

Research using questionnaires or structured interviews, with standardised questions asked in the same order.

Continuing to trade rather than closing down.

An uneven surviving record caused by some materials and types of evidence lasting better than others.

The survival of organisms best adapted to particular conditions; it does not mean that survivors are necessarily morally better or physically strongest.

A phrase describing the greater survival and reproductive success of organisms best adapted to their environment.

A Persian royal centre where Alexander arranged a collective marriage ceremony for himself and his Companions in 324 BC.

The likelihood that a person will develop a particular disease; greater susceptibility means that the disease can develop more easily.

How likely an individual is to develop a disease.

A person who is not immune to a pathogen and can therefore become infected.

The popular name for a section of the Vagrancy Act 1824 that let police arrest people they suspected of loitering with intent to commit a crime. It was used disproportionately against young Black men and was repealed in 1981.

A custodial sentence that is not put into effect immediately, but may be activated if the offender commits another offence or breaches its requirements during the specified period.

The deliberate creation of uncertainty about what will happen next, encouraging readers to continue reading.

Anxiety or anticipation created by uncertainty about what will happen next.

Transportation in which fine sediment is carried within the flowing water.

Fibres that connect the lens to the ciliary muscles and can pull the lens thinner when taut.

Meeting people's needs today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Meeting present needs without using resources or damaging the environment in ways that prevent future generations from meeting their needs.

Using resources in a way that considers present benefits and the resources available for the future.

Using resources in a way that allows them to remain available for future generations.

Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Using resources in ways that allow future generations to meet their needs.

Meeting present needs while conserving resources and limiting harm so that future generations can also meet their needs.

Meeting present needs while protecting resources and the environment so that future generations can also meet their needs.

Using natural resources at a rate that allows them to be replaced, so their use can continue into the future.