Key terms & definitions

The weekly portion of the Torah read during synagogue worship.

An attempt to force a defended place to surrender by surrounding it and cutting off supplies.

A movable wooden structure that allows attackers to approach a defensive wall under cover and reach its upper level.

A perforated end wall between phloem sieve-tube cells through which dissolved sugars can pass.

A perforated end wall between adjoining phloem sieve-tube cells, allowing dissolved substances to pass through.

The unit of radiation dose used to express the risk of bodily harm. $1\text{ Sv} = 1000\text{ mSv}$.

A living phloem cell specialised for conducting dissolved organic substances and joined end to end with other sieve tube elements.

A living, elongated phloem cell joined end to end with others to form a transport tube; it has little cytoplasm and no nucleus.

A Buddhist discourse giving guidance for lay life, including reciprocal responsibilities between parents and children, teachers and pupils, and other relationships.

Small figurines given as gifts during Saturnalia; the associated market and final festive day were called the Sigillaria.

A remarkable act which points to divine power and confirms the message being proclaimed.

Something that conveys meaning or stands for something else, such as a word, image, sound, object or gesture.

A country that has signed an agreement or treaty.

Identifying malware by comparing files with stored signatures, or recognisable patterns, of known malware.

A database of identifying patterns for known malware, used by anti-malware software when scanning for infections.

The most significant bit of a signed binary representation. In two’s complement, 0 indicates a non-negative value and 1 indicates a negative value.

A change from a positive value of $f(x)$ to a negative value, or vice versa, between two input values.

A declared direction treated as positive so that velocities, accelerations and displacements can be given consistent signs.

An integer representation that can store negative whole numbers as well as zero and positive whole numbers.

The historical importance of an individual, event or development, judged through its effects and lasting influence.

The importance or meaning of a result in its context. It depends on more than numerical size alone.

A digit that contributes to the stated precision of a measured or calculated value, counted from the first non-zero digit.

A digit that contributes to the stated precision of a measured or calculated value, counted from the first non-zero digit.

A digit that contributes to the stated precision of a number; counting begins at the first non-zero digit.

A digit counted when expressing a number’s precision. Significant figures are counted from the first non-zero digit.

A digit counted when expressing the precision of a number. Significant figures are counted from the first non-zero digit.

The number of meaningful digits used to express the precision of a measured or calculated value.

The digits in a measured or calculated value that communicate its precision, beginning with the first non-zero digit.

The digits that express the precision of a number, counted from its first non-zero digit. Leading zeros are not significant.

The meaningful digits in a number, counted from its first non-zero digit.