Key terms & definitions

A specialised cell near the surface of a root that absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil.

A specialised root cell with a long extension that increases its surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from soil.

A preparation containing a growth-promoting hormone that encourages a plant cutting to develop roots.

A word or base to which a prefix or suffix can be added, such as appear in disappear.

A workshop where rope is manufactured for ships.

A Catholic prayer practice combining set prayers with reflection on events in the lives of Jesus and Mary, often using beads to count the prayers.

A fungal disease of roses that causes purple or black spots on leaves, which often turn yellow and fall early, reducing photosynthesis and growth.

A circular chart showing directional data, such as the frequency and speed of winds from different compass directions.

The Jewish New Year festival, commemorating creation and beginning a period of reflection, judgement and repentance.

A symbolic female war worker used to encourage American women to take industrial jobs during the Second World War.

A model introduced in 1960 that proposes five stages of economic development, from a traditional society to high mass consumption.

Movement around an axis, such as a wheel turning.

Circular movement around a fixed axis or centre point.

Movement in which an object turns around a fixed point or axis.

A turn through a specified angle and direction about a fixed centre.

Turning a bone around its own long axis, such as turning the upper arm inwards or outwards at the shoulder.

The curved movement of glacial ice within a hollow, helping to deepen a corrie.

A mass movement in which a section of a slope moves down along a curved slip surface, often in saturated clay.

The number of complete turns made per unit time, commonly measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

The property of a shape that matches its original position after a turn of less than $360^\circ$ about a fixed centre.

Groups of muscles around the shoulder joints that help rotate the upper arms and stabilise the shoulders.

A parliamentary voting district that elected MPs despite having very few voters, making it vulnerable to control by wealthy patrons.

A circular building or hall; the Pantheon’s rotunda is covered by a dome.

Timber with a relatively rough surface left by sawing, rather than a smooth, planed surface.

A bee movement consisting of rapid circles to the right and left, associated in Von Frisch’s study with food less than 100 metres from the hive.

Replacing a number with a nearby value containing fewer digits while keeping its size as close as required.

Replacing a number with a nearby value written to a specified level of precision.

Replacing a number with a nearby value expressed to a chosen level of precision.

Replacing a number with a nearby value expressed to a chosen number of significant figures or decimal places.

Replacing a number with a nearby value stated to a chosen degree of accuracy.