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GCSE Physical Education · key term
A twisting movement of a limb around its long axis.
Used by AQA and OCR
Paper 1
Revise: Joint movementsAt the shoulder, you also need to recognise abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction.
Turning a bone around its own long axis, such as turning the upper arm inwards or outwards at the shoulder.
Paper 1
Movement in which a bone turns around its longitudinal axis: an imaginary line running along its length.
Revise: Movement at Synovial JointsRotation means that a bone turns around its own long axis, rather like a screwdriver turning. At the shoulder, the upper arm twists; at the hip, the thigh twists. Shoulder rotation contributes to placing spin on a tennis forehand, while hip rotation occurs during a golf drive as the golfer turns through the shot.
Distinguish rotation from circumduction: twisting around the limb’s long axis is rotation; moving the whole arm in a circle is circumduction.
Do not confuse shoulder rotation with circumduction: rotation turns the upper arm around its own long axis; circumduction moves the arm through a circular path.
Distinguish rotation, where a bone turns around its own long axis, from circumduction, where the end of a limb follows a circular path.
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