Key terms & definitions

A trained soldier who is not currently serving full-time but can be called back into military service.

A store of water, often an artificial lake formed behind a dam, kept for later use.

The organised transfer of refugees from a country where they have sought protection to another country that agrees to admit them.

The process of rebuilding life in the community after leaving prison.

Bringing business activities previously moved overseas back to the home country.

An immigrant who lived and worked in England rather than merely visiting it.

Land used for homes.

The geographical arrangement of places where people live, including concentrations of different types of housing.

The remaining possibility of flooding and its consequences despite measures intended to reduce flood risk.

The danger that remains after measures have been taken to reduce a hazard’s effects.

The risk that remains after control measures have been put in place.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation.

The insoluble solid left on filter paper during filtration.

The insoluble solid left on the filter paper after filtration.

The ability of an ecosystem to recover after a disturbance.

The ability of people or communities to cope with threats and recover from crises.

The ability of a material to recover its original shape after deformation, such as compression, bending or creasing.

A polymer material supplied in a form that can be made to harden; liquid thermosetting resins are used for casting, adhesives and composites.

Pouring liquid resin into a mould and allowing it to cure into a solid shape.

A barrier that prevents dye or paint reaching selected areas of fabric.

Actions taken to challenge, obstruct or undermine those in power, ranging from distributing critical leaflets to attempting to overthrow a government.

The ability of a rock to withstand being worn away by erosion.

The ability of an organism to survive exposure to a substance that would normally kill it; antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive an antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria.

A measure of how strongly a component opposes current, measured in ohms (Ω).

A measure of how strongly a component opposes the flow of charge, calculated using $R = V/I$ and measured in ohms ($\Omega$).

Opposition to control or an imposed situation, which may take the form of action, speech or emotional refusal.

The load that the effort must overcome, such as body weight or an object being lifted.

A measure of how strongly a component opposes electric current. Its symbol is $R$ and its unit is the ohm (Ω).

The distance from the fulcrum to the point where the load acts on a basic lever drawing; also called the load arm or weight arm.

Exercise in which muscles work against a resistance, such as weights, resistance bands or body weight.