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Browse key terms and definitions across all GCSE subjects. Search by keyword or filter by subject and exam board.
23,110 key terms
Repulsion
A force that pushes objects away from one another.
Reputation
A person's standing in the eyes of others. In Austen's society, a woman's perceived sexual respectability could affect both her own and her family's marriage prospects.
Reputation
The views people hold about a business, influenced by experiences, reviews and what others say about it.
Reputation
The overall public image of a sport or event, including whether people regard it as fair and respectable.
Reputational damage
A loss of trust or respect caused by a person's actions, which can affect their public image and career.
Requiem Mass
A Catholic funeral Mass containing special prayers for the deceased and including the Eucharist.
Required gene
A section of DNA chosen for transfer because it carries the desired genetic information.
Requisitioning
The compulsory taking of supplies, such as grain, by the state.
Research
A systematic investigation that collects and analyses evidence to develop knowledge.
Research aim
A statement outlining what a researcher intends to investigate.
Research and development
Work that develops new knowledge and uses it to create or improve products, processes and technologies.
Research and development
The stage before launch when a business researches customer needs and designs, develops and tests a product.
Research and development (R&D)
Work carried out to investigate new ideas and develop or improve products and technologies.
Research area
The topic or aspect of social life that a sociologist chooses to investigate, such as gender inequality in education.
Research budget
A financial plan setting out the money available for a study and its expected costs.
Research design
The plan for a sociological investigation, including its aims, methods, participant selection and approach to analysing data.
Researcher bias
The influence of a researcher's expectations or views on how information is collected or interpreted.
Researcher bias
The influence of a researcher's expectations or personal views on how evidence is collected, interpreted or reported.
Research ethics
Principles guiding how researchers should treat participants and use research information responsibly.
Research framework
The overall approach to an investigation, such as comparing two places or assessing the impact of a change.
Research method
A systematic way of collecting evidence to investigate a sociological question, such as a questionnaire, interview or observation.
Research participant
A person who takes part in a research study or whose experiences or behaviour are studied.
Research question
A clear, focused question that identifies what an investigation needs to find out.
Reservation
Land designated by the US government for Native American communities, where their movement and lives were increasingly subject to federal control.
Reserve
Trained soldiers who are not serving full-time but can be called back into military service when needed.
Reserve
A character’s tendency to avoid openly expressing feelings or discussing private matters.
Reserved matter
A policy area whose decision-making powers remain at UK level rather than being devolved. In Northern Ireland, the Assembly needs the Secretary of State’s consent to legislate on reserved matters.
Reserved occupation
Work considered essential enough for its workers to be exempted from military call-up.
Reserved sacrament
Consecrated Eucharistic bread kept after Mass, including for Holy Communion for people unable to attend.
Reserves
Trained personnel who can be called upon to support the regular armed forces when needed.
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