Key terms & definitions

Materials and supplies that people use to meet their needs, including food, energy and water.

Having reliable and affordable access to enough food, water or energy to meet needs.

The amount of a resource available for use.

Recognising the worth of others and treating them with consideration.

The ethical principle of recognising everyone's dignity and worth, respecting their rights, privacy and ability to make their own choices.

The appearance of being socially acceptable and morally trustworthy. Dickens explores how respectable manners and clothing can conceal wrongdoing.

The process by which organisms release energy from food. Respiration by plants, animals and decomposers returns carbon dioxide to their surroundings.

A chemical process in cells that transfers energy from glucose for life processes.

Chemical reactions in cells that transfer energy from glucose; aerobic respiration releases carbon dioxide and water.

The chemical reactions in living cells that release energy from substances such as glucose.

A health problem affecting the airways or lungs and making breathing more difficult.

Health difficulties affecting breathing or the organs and airways used for breathing.

The number of breaths taken in one minute, measured in breaths per minute.

The lungs and airways that bring air into the body and remove it.

A sealed apparatus that measures a change in gas volume as an organism takes up oxygen.

Apparatus used to measure the rate of respiration, commonly by measuring oxygen uptake.

A person who answers questions in a questionnaire or interview.

A person who answers questions in a research study.

Actions taken as a hazard approaches or after it occurs, including evacuation, rescue, emergency relief and rebuilding.

The action or change produced after a stimulus has been detected and information has been coordinated.

An action produced following a stimulus, such as closing the fingers to catch a ruler.

An action made after detecting a stimulus, such as closing the fingers or pressing a button.

An audience’s emotional reaction to, or judgement of, a text, such as admiration, pity, pride or disapproval.

The variable measured as the outcome of an investigation, whose differences are being investigated in relation to an explanatory variable. Also called the dependent variable.

A moral obligation to care for someone or to answer for the consequences of one’s actions.

A duty or area of work for which an employee is answerable.

A duty to act appropriately, including respecting and protecting other people’s rights.

The ethical principle of being accountable for one's actions, protecting welfare and preventing harm or misuse of psychological knowledge and influence.

A duty or expectation to act in a way that supports society and respects other people’s rights.

Making thoughtful decisions about having and caring for children, taking account of responsibilities towards the family.