Key terms & definitions

A person associated with the Beat Generation, which challenged conventional American values and lifestyles.

A Nazi programme that promoted improvements to workplaces, such as showers, canteens, lighting and ventilation.

A self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Wiles’ trial used its second version, the BDI-II.

The unit of activity. An activity of 1 Bq means one nuclear decay per second.

The unit of activity; one becquerel means one nuclear decay per second.

A boundary between layers of sedimentary rock, which can provide a line of weakness.

Sediment, such as sand, gravel and pebbles, transported along a river bed.

Sediment moved along a river bed, including material transported by traction and saltation.

The underlying rock beneath soil or other surface materials.

The programme of railway line and station closures associated with Richard Beeching's proposals to make British railways more economical.

The British Expeditionary Force: the professional British army sent to fight in France and Belgium in 1914.

Planning and carrying out manageable, rewarding activities to improve mood and increase a sense of achievement.

A way an organism acts that helps it survive.

A way an organism behaves that helps it survive in its environment.

A clearly defined, observable action used to classify and record behaviour consistently.

Identifying possible malware by monitoring programs for suspicious actions.

Darius’ royal inscription and relief at Behistun, presenting his accession and victories over rebels as legitimate and divinely supported.

A Jewish religious court, involved in matters such as religious divorce.

A conviction or principle held by a person that can influence how they live and which products they choose.

A set of ideas and values through which people understand the world and guide their actions; it may be religious or non-religious.

Baptism following a person’s own profession of Christian faith, usually involving full immersion in water.

Baptism of someone who can personally profess Christian faith and choose to be baptised, usually involving full immersion in water.

A pivoted, angled lever that changes the direction of an applied force or movement, often through $90^\circ$.

A feeling of connection, acceptance or being at home with a place, group or culture.

A system in which a moving belt transmits rotary motion between pulleys on separate shafts.

Placing quadrats at regular intervals along a line to record how organisms change in number with distance.

A survey of a strip of habitat using quadrats placed along a line, either next to one another or at regular intervals.

The amount of material allowed for the curved region of a bend so that the finished sides have the required dimensions.

A change of shape in which different parts of an object are displaced by forces acting at different positions.

A change in shape in which an object becomes curved because forces act at different points.