Key terms & definitions

A judge who decides cases involving Islamic law within the authority given to their court.

A form of Sufi devotional music associated particularly with India and Pakistan, combining spiritual poetry with expressive singing.

Resurrection, when people are raised from death to face Allah’s judgement.

The direction towards Makkah which Muslims face during salah.

The Islamic principle of proportionate retaliation for certain offences, including ‘a life for a life’ in cases of murder.

Reasoning by analogy: applying an established ruling to a new case because both share the reason underlying that ruling.

Quantum Tunnelling Composite: a material whose electrical resistance decreases when it is compressed.

The selling of supposed cures through misleading claims, often by unqualified people seeking profit.

One of the four regions formed by the $x$-axis and $y$-axis.

A frame enclosing a known area, used to sample features such as plant cover.

A square frame used to sample organisms within a known area.

A frame enclosing a known area, used to sample organisms such as plants or slow-moving animals.

An equation that can be written as $ax^2+bx+c=0$, where $$, and are constants and .

A polynomial expression whose highest power of the variable is 2, usually written in the form $ax^2+bx+c$ where $a\ne0$.

A formula for solving $ax^2+bx+c=0$: $$.

A function whose highest power of the variable is 2, usually written in the form $y=ax^2+bx+c$, where .

A graph of an equation containing an $x^2$ term as its highest power of $x$. It has a U-shaped or upside-down U-shaped curve.

An inequality containing a squared variable, such as x² − 4 < 0.

A sequence whose nth term can be written in the form $an^2+bn+c$, where $a$, and are constants and .

A muscle group at the front of the thigh that straightens the knee.

The group of muscles at the front of the thigh that straightens the leg at the knee.

A chariot drawn by four horses abreast.

A four-sided polygon.

The four mathematical subjects traditionally studied together: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.

A member of a Christian religious movement whose beliefs include peace, justice and the equality of all people.

A member of the Religious Society of Friends, a religious movement historically associated with peace, equality and opposition to war.

A religious movement associated with George Fox which taught that God guided individuals directly through an Inner Light, rejecting church hierarchy and encouraging women as well as men to speak at meetings.

A judgement that recognises a limitation or exception instead of making an absolute claim.

For Welsh local election candidacy, a citizen outside the Commonwealth, Irish and EU citizenship categories who does not need permission to enter or remain in the UK, or who has indefinite leave to remain.

Analysis that establishes which substance or substances are present.