Key terms & definitions

The blocky appearance that can occur when a bitmap image is enlarged enough for its individual pixels to become noticeable.

The People’s Liberation Army: China’s armed forces, which Mao used to suppress the Red Guards and restore order.

A geographical location with particular physical and human characteristics and meanings attached to it by people.

The distribution channels through which a good or service reaches customers and where it is available to buy.

An inactive treatment made to resemble the treatment being tested, used as a comparison in a clinical trial.

A treatment resembling the medicine being tested but containing none of its active drug, used as a comparison in a trial.

An inactive substance made to resemble the treatment being tested.

An inactive treatment used for comparison with an active treatment, helping researchers separate drug effects from effects of expecting treatment.

A zero used to keep other digits in their correct place-value columns, as in $305$ or $0.04$.

The combination of characteristics, history and meanings that makes a place recognisable and distinctive.

A temporary organ attached to the wall of the uterus where substances are exchanged between the pregnant person's blood and the developing foetus.

Extracting valuable minerals from deposits of sand or gravel, often by using water to wash away the surrounding material.

The value a digit has because of its position within a number.

The value associated with a digit’s position in a number. In binary, the place values from right to left are 1, 2, 4, 8 and so on.

An outbreak of deadly disease affecting many people. The precise disease responsible for the Athenian plague is uncertain.

Instructions issued by national government to organise responses to outbreaks of plague.

A large grave used to bury many victims during a plague outbreak.

Unaccompanied sacred singing with a single melodic line, traditionally associated with Latin worship; Gregorian chant is a form of plainchant.

A basic join made by placing fabric pieces right sides together and stitching along their seam allowance.

The Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains of North America, including the Sioux, Cheyenne and Comanche; their cultures and ways of life varied.

Readable text that has not been encrypted.

Readable, unencrypted data.

A flat ring placed beneath a nut or fastener head to spread the clamping load over a larger area.

A woven structure in which each weft yarn passes alternately over and under successive warp yarns, with adjacent rows reversing the pattern.

A two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object seen directly from above.

A two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object seen directly from above.

A flat two-dimensional surface that extends without end in every direction within it.

An imaginary flat surface through the body used to describe where movement takes place.

Timber whose surfaces have been machined smooth using a planer.

A flat, two-dimensional shape.