Key terms & definitions

A reduction or loss of usual functioning, such as reduced emotional expression, motivation or speech.

A thermistor for which resistance decreases as temperature increases.

A temperature-sensitive resistor whose resistance decreases as its temperature increases.

Beck’s three connected patterns of negative thinking about the self, the world and the future.

Growth away from a stimulus.

An upbringing that fails to provide a child with necessary attention, protection or care.

An audience interpretation that accepts some of a product’s intended meaning but modifies or rejects other parts.

Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement between people with different preferences or interests, sometimes involving compromise.

A person towards whom someone has a responsibility to show love and care; Christians understand this responsibility as extending beyond friends or their own community.

A voluntary movement in which local people work together and with the police to prevent crime and improve community safety.

The closing service of Yom Kippur, associated with the closing of the gates of repentance.

The Japanese practice of reciting or chanting the name of Amida Buddha, expressing faith in him.

Continued economic or political dominance over an independent country, without direct colonial rule.

A political view that stresses preserving traditional values within society's norms and values.

A political approach favouring free-market capitalism, fewer government restrictions on business and reduced government spending.

The number of deaths during the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.

A newborn baby.

The New Economic Policy, introduced under Lenin, which allowed some private enterprise and allowed peasants to sell surplus produce for profit.

A microscopic filtering unit in a kidney, consisting of Bowman’s capsule and a tubule that processes the filtrate.

Private traders and businesspeople who operated for profit under the New Economic Policy.

Giving positions or advantages to relatives because of family connections rather than suitability.

The continuously burning light in a synagogue that symbolises God’s enduring presence.

A bundle of neurone fibres.

The body's rapid communication system, made from the central nervous system and the neurones that connect it to receptors and effectors.

The body's communication system, which receives information, processes it and coordinates responses.

A Hebrew word for a miracle, also associated with a raised banner or standard. Jewish interpretations connect these meanings: a miracle draws attention to the Almighty’s action and guides people towards faith and obedience.

The centaur who abducts Deianira, is shot by Hercules with a Hydra-poisoned arrow, and seeks revenge by giving her his blood-soaked tunic as a supposed remedy for waning love.

A loop placed inside the body of another loop.

A loop placed inside another loop. The inner loop completes each time the outer loop repeats.

A selection structure placed inside a branch of another selection structure.