Key terms & definitions

The painful feeling of lacking meaningful connection with others, even when other people are nearby.

A pair of outer-shell electrons that is not shared in a covalent bond.

A pair of outer-shell electrons that is not shared in a covalent bond.

A family consisting of one parent and their child or children.

A long vessel used by Vikings and Normans to carry troops and supplies, powered by oars and a sail.

A bone, such as the femur or humerus, whose elongated shape enables gross, large-scale movement.

A tall, powerful bow used by trained archers to shoot arrows over considerable distances.

The movement of a cattle herd over hundreds of miles, guided by cowboys, towards buyers or a railway loading point.

A long room in a wealthy household used for indoor walking, recreation and displaying portraits.

An elongated dwelling that formed the main building of a Viking farm, with a central fireplace and spaces for sitting and sleeping along the walls.

The angular position of a place east or west of the Greenwich prime meridian, measured in degrees from 0° to 180° E or W.

An imaginary line passing lengthways through the body from head to feet, around which movement in the transverse plane occurs.

Research that follows the same group of people over an extended period.

Research that gathers information about the same participant or participants over an extended period.

An investigation that compares measurements at successive locations along a feature, such as sites downstream along a river.

A wave in which the vibration is parallel to the direction the wave travels.

A wave whose oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

A fortified Viking ship camp in Ireland, used to protect ships, shelter raiders and support further expeditions.

A side view along a river from its source to its mouth, showing how its height and gradient change.

A Viking warship powered by sails and oars, used to transport warriors quickly across seas and along rivers.

Movement of sediment along a coastline by waves approaching the shore at an angle.

A shot showing a person’s whole body and enough surrounding space to establish their relationship with the setting.

A focusing defect in which nearby objects appear blurred because their light would be focused behind the retina.

A focusing defect in which nearby objects appear blurred because light would be brought to a focus behind the retina.

A shot that continues for an extended time without a cut.

A lasting change in the body that develops through regular exercise over months or years.

Support intended to produce lasting improvements, such as education, training and tools that help communities support themselves.

Work that helps communities improve their living conditions and ability to support themselves over time.

Assistance intended to bring lasting improvements to people’s living conditions and opportunities.

Memory that stores learned skills and previous experiences for later recall.