Key terms & definitions

Emotional suffering caused by love that is frustrated, uncertain or unreturned.

An object that represents affection or commitment between lovers.

A relationship in which three people’s romantic desires are entangled. In Twelfth Night, Viola loves Orsino, Orsino loves Olivia, and Olivia loves Viola’s male disguise, Cesario.

A shot taken from below its subject, looking upwards.

A protein that supplies too little of one or more essential amino acids to meet the body's needs on its own.

An energy resource that produces relatively little greenhouse gas emission per unit of energy supplied. Nuclear power, wind, solar and hydroelectricity are examples; low-carbon does not mean completely emission-free.

An energy source that produces relatively little greenhouse gas emission per unit of energy supplied, taking account of its production and use.

The boundary at the bottom of the range of possible original values.

A value found using limits of accuracy so that no possible result lies below it.

Exercising restraint in looking, particularly by turning away from an inappropriate or sexually intrusive look.

A statistical neighbourhood used to report small-area data. These areas have broadly similar populations, averaging approximately 1,500 residents.

The smallest measurement or value permitted by a tolerance.

The value about a quarter of the way through an ordered dataset; also written as $Q_1$.

A value that divides ordered data so that approximately one quarter of the observations lie at or below it.

The value approximately one-quarter of the way through ordered data, with about 25% of values below it.

The value approximately one-quarter of the way through an ordered distribution, with about 25% of the data below it.

An intake sufficient for only about 2.5% of a population group with the lowest requirements. Most people need more.

The energy level closest to the nucleus that is not already filled to the relevant capacity.

The simplest common multiple of the denominators, containing each required factor to its highest power.

The smallest positive whole number that is a multiple of each of the given numbers.

An ore containing only a small proportion of the desired metal or its compounds.

An ore containing a relatively low percentage of the metal or metal compound of interest.

A country with a low average income per person. The Eduqas specification uses the World Bank’s 2013 definition: GNI per capita of US$1,045 or less.

A country with relatively low average income, often with limited access to services and economic opportunities.

A country with low income per person and economic characteristics associated with limited development.

Lighting that creates strong contrasts between light and shadow, leaving substantial areas of the image dark.

An area of relatively low land, often with flat or gently rolling terrain.

A programming language closely related to a processor’s instructions and architecture, giving the programmer direct control over hardware. Machine code and assembly language are low-level languages.

Land at a low height above sea level, making it particularly vulnerable to coastal flooding as sea level rises.

An everyday item bought frequently, such as bread or milk, for which customers are usually unwilling to travel far.