Key terms & definitions

A wall painting made on plaster, used to decorate Roman interiors.

A painting made by applying pigment to fresh plaster, so that the image becomes part of the plaster as it dries.

Water with a low concentration of dissolved salts, found in stores such as rivers, lakes, groundwater and glaciers. It is not necessarily safe to drink without treatment.

Water with a low concentration of dissolved substances, such as rainwater collected in the ground, lakes and rivers.

Water with low levels of dissolved substances, found in sources such as rivers, lakes and the ground.

Water with a low concentration of dissolved salts, found in stores such as rivers, lakes, groundwater and glaciers.

Decorative openwork made by cutting a pattern into a material, creating openings through which someone can look.

The Federal Republic of Germany: capitalist, democratic West Germany, established in 1949 and supported by the Western powers.

A member of a religious order who lives according to its rules and works among communities, often preaching and teaching.

A member of a religious order who serves God through religious duties and work within the community. Friar Laurence belongs to the Franciscan order.

A force that opposes relative motion between surfaces in contact.

A force between surfaces in contact that opposes sliding. Friction between tyres and the road provides grip.

The tendency for a feature's influence to weaken as distance from it increases.

An official status recognising a ruler or state as an ally of Rome. Cleopatra sought this recognition to strengthen the security of her rule.

A relationship of affection, trust and mutual support between people.

A continuous band of sculptural decoration. The Parthenon’s frieze ran around its inner building.

A continuous decorative band on a building or monument, often containing sculpted figures.

An unheated room in a Roman bath building, containing a cold bath or plunge pool.

An additional benefit provided by an employer rather than direct cash pay, such as private healthcare or a staff discount.

An area in which opposing armies fight during a war.

The boundary between air masses with different temperatures.

An imaginary line running horizontally through the body from side to side, around which forward and backward somersaults rotate.

The front region of the cerebrum, involved in planning, decision-making and retrieving stored memories.

An imaginary vertical surface dividing the body into front and back portions; sideways movements take place in this plane.

An MP who holds a ministerial or opposition spokesperson role and sits on the front benches in the House of Commons.

An elevation obtained by looking directly at the object from the direction marked as the front.

The shifting boundary of white American settlement in the West. Its declared closure in 1890 meant that the census no longer identified a clear, continuous frontier line.

A trench nearest the enemy, used to defend a position and launch attacks.

Feelings of annoyance or anger when progress towards a goal is blocked, such as when a player performs poorly or their team is losing.

The part of a cone or pyramid left after its top has been removed by a cut parallel to the base.