Key terms & definitions

A company organising English merchants’ overseas trade, whose representatives sought trading privileges from Jahangir.

The process of religious change through which England broke with the authority of the Pope and its Church came under royal control.

House of Commons procedures introduced in 2015 and abolished in 2021 that required consent from MPs representing English, or English and Welsh, constituencies for certain legislation applying only to those areas.

A lasting physical memory trace in the brain associated with learning.

Removing material from a surface to create a recessed pattern, image or lettering without cutting through the whole component.

The verbal marriage agreement made between an Athenian bridegroom and the bride’s father or guardian.

Additional warming caused by human activities increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Additional warming caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

A mystery or unanswered question that encourages an audience to engage with a narrative.

An unanswered question or mystery that encourages the spectator to keep watching.

A mystery, puzzle or unanswered question that encourages an audience to find out more.

A detail that raises a question or mystery, encouraging the audience to keep watching for an answer.

Mysterious or difficult to understand fully.

The continuation of a sentence or phrase across a line break without a concluding punctuation mark.

The continuation of a sentence or phrase beyond a verse line without a completing punctuation mark.

A transformation that scales distances from a fixed centre by a scale factor. A negative scale factor places image points on the opposite side of the centre.

An eighteenth-century intellectual movement that emphasised reason, observation, education and the possibility of improving society.

Awakening to the truth about existence, overcoming ignorance and attaining liberation from suffering.

An officer responsible for a small unit of Spartan soldiers and for communicating orders to it.

A small unit of Spartan soldiers, commanded by an enomotarch; its plural is enomotiai.

Calculator notation such as 6.2E8, meaning $6.2 \times 10^8$. Some calculators use EXP or display a small $\times 10^n$ instead.

The question or purpose that a geographical investigation is intended to address.

The main question that an investigation aims to answer.

The replacement of nutrients lost during food processing.

A group of central performers whose characters share the narrative focus, rather than one star dominating the programme.

A scene involving a larger group of characters rather than a single speaker or pair.

A military officer who carries a regiment’s flag or standard. Iago’s position is also called an ancient in the play.

A person held as another person’s property and forced to work without freedom to leave.

The El Niño Southern Oscillation: an irregular natural cycle involving changes in equatorial Pacific sea temperatures, winds and atmospheric pressure, with neutral, El Niño and La Niña phases.

The belief that a developing human receives a soul. Many Muslims associate this with 120 days after conception.