OCR GCSE History B key terms

The everyday circumstances in which people live, including their housing, food, water supply and arrangements for disposing of waste.

The administration of laws, public order and other affairs within a particular area, rather than directly by central government.

The importance of a place to its surrounding community or area.

The position of a site in relation to its surroundings, including landscape, settlements and routes.

An employer’s refusal to allow employees to work, used to put pressure on them during an industrial dispute.

The organisation of supplies, equipment and transport needed to keep an army operating.

The movement of a cattle herd over hundreds of miles, guided by cowboys, towards buyers or a railway loading point.

An elongated dwelling that formed the main building of a Viking farm, with a central fireplace and spaces for sitting and sleeping along the walls.

A fortified Viking ship camp in Ireland, used to protect ships, shelter raiders and support further expeditions.

A Viking warship powered by sails and oars, used to transport warriors quickly across seas and along rivers.

A noble appointed by the queen to exercise royal authority in a county, including organising its militia and supervising Justices of the Peace.

The name given to the English settlement established on Roanoke Island in 1587, whose inhabitants were missing when John White returned in 1590.

The United States’ purchase of France’s claimed Louisiana territory in 1803 for US$15 million.

Workers who attacked textile machinery because they believed it threatened their employment and livelihoods.

The killing of a person by a mob without a lawful trial, used as a form of racist terror against African Americans.

A wooden sword-club fitted with sharp obsidian blades, used in close combat.

A powerful, wealthy landowner near the top of Viking society.

An important addition or alteration that substantially changed a site’s buildings, organisation or use.

An Indigenous woman, also known as Malinali and Doña Marina, who spoke Maya and Nahuatl and became an interpreter for Cortés.

Poor health caused by not getting enough food or the right balance of nutrients.

The belief that white Americans had a God-given mission to expand across North America and spread their society and Christianity.

An estate comprising the lord’s land and land occupied by tenants, whose resources, inhabitants and value could be recorded in the Domesday survey.

A court held under a lord’s authority that dealt with local matters such as minor offences and disputes over land within a manor.

A rank in the Mughal imperial service, determining an official’s standing and associated responsibilities.

A ranked official in Mughal service, whose obligations included maintaining a specified number of troops.

Work that produces manufactured goods, usually using machinery in factories.

A document or book written by hand rather than printed.