OCR GCSE History B key terms

The state ruled by Rus princes from Kiev, also called Kyiv, which developed through the expansion and consolidation of their power.

‘Children, kitchen, church’: a slogan expressing the Nazis' belief that women should concentrate on motherhood and domestic life.

A series of rescue efforts in 1938–40 that brought about 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Europe to safety in Britain without their parents.

A territory governed by a monarch. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Latin Christian state established following the crusaders’ capture of Jerusalem in 1099; its first ruler, Godfrey, is distinguished from its later crowned kings.

Family relationships, which could encourage people to join relatives on crusade and provide mutual support.

An armoured warrior associated with mounted warfare in medieval western Europe, although knights could also fight on foot.

The state-sponsored anti-Jewish pogrom of 9–10 November 1938, also called the November Pogrom or Night of Broken Glass.

Kru migrants from Liberia who found seafaring work through Freetown in Sierra Leone; some subsequently settled in Liverpool.

A government office that helped people seeking work find employers with vacancies.

People who depended on physical work for wages and had little wealth or security.

The organisation formed in 1900 to support working-class parliamentary candidates; it became the Labour Party in 1906.

The principle that government should interfere as little as possible in people’s lives and economic activity.

The western division of the wider Sioux nation, whose nineteenth-century culture centred on horse riding, bison hunting and life on the Great Plains.

The regional states of Germany, which had their own parliaments before Nazi centralisation.

A Norse term meaning ‘land taking’: claiming land and establishing the first farms and households in a new settlement area.

Income collected by the state through taxation of agricultural land and its production.

A sailor recruited mainly from the Indian subcontinent to work on European ships. The term later broadened to include sailors from other non-European backgrounds.

The Christian communities of western Europe that recognised the religious authority of the pope in Rome.

A washing facility in a monastery.

The work of preventing and investigating crime, maintaining public order and bringing suspected offenders before the courts.

The appointment of someone to a church office by a non-clerical ruler, such as a king or emperor.

The Nazi youth organisation for girls aged 14–18, known in German as the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM). It prepared girls for the roles of wives and mothers.

An SS programme established in 1935 to support the birth of children whom the Nazis considered racially desirable, including through maternity homes.

The Nazi aim of acquiring ‘living space’, especially in eastern Europe, for German settlement and exploitation.

The recognised right to hold power according to laws or accepted customs.

A royal grant allowing a foreign-born person to be treated broadly as an English-born subject, with rights such as owning land and using English courts, in return for allegiance to the king. It did not necessarily remove every legal disadvantage.

The eastern Mediterranean region, through which Asian goods reached European buyers.